Addiction and Native Americans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Addiction and Native Americans - Research Paper Example Reports by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2001 to 2005 indicate that 11.7% of Native American and Alaska Natives are alcohol-related; in the general population, only about 3.3% is credited to alcohol deaths (Associated Press, 2008). Deaths among Native Americans were mostly due to traffic accidents, alcoholic liver disease, homicide, suicide, injuries, and falls. Alcohol-abuse is also a risk factor in some of the common illnesses found among Native Americans and Alaska Natives like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and colon cancer (Associated Press, 2008). A great percentage (66%) of alcohol-abusers among the native population was below 50 years of age. Drug use and abuse is also increasing in the Native American population with methamphetamine, marijuana, and cocaine use rapidly increasing in the past several years. The Public Broadcasting Service (as cited by Tarzana Treatment Centers, 2009) revealed that Native Americans are five times more likely (as compared to whites) to die from alcohol-related causes with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis being among the top six leading causes of death among Native Americans. These diseases do not even belong to the top 10 causes of deaths among the whites (Tarzana Treatment Centers, 2009). This study released by the Associated Press points out the importance of culturally appropriate interventions for alcoholism and alcohol-related health problems among the Native American population. These statistical figures paint a grim picture on alcohol and drug use and abuse and the related problems that come with such abuse. They also present challenges for the health care professionals and government officials in addressing this problem. Alcohol and drug abuse among the Native Americans has to be understood and studied in their historical context. Their history has been riddled with violence, poverty, discrimination, and abuse from the dominant White population in America. As a result,

Religion as a conservative force Essay Example for Free

Religion as a conservative force Essay There Christian churches manage to force their conservative values onto masses of people. But, within the last 100 years the Anglican church has been very progressive in that the stance the church has on a lot of modern issues has changed. The churches stance on abortion has changed from absolutely against God to acceptable in some cases. And, although they still see sex before marriage as wrong they are no longer as condemning about it. In this example religion as a conservative force is dying as modern values take over religion and religion can no longer reinstate traditional ones. In contrast the Roman Catholic church, while being Christian, is extremely conservative and hasn t changed its stance on most contempory issues. They still believe that abortion is wrong unless its harmful to the mother, that sex before marriage is wrong in all cases and that contraception is not allowed. The Catholic church is still incredibly prominent and important within many countries and so they view that religion is a conservative force is still true. When discussing whether religion is a conservative force it is really a discussion about different religious institutions being conservative. Within Christianity, different churches and interpretations differ greatly regarding being conservative or progressive. In its day, Protestantism was a very progressive force and Catholicism was very conservative, even though they both were Christian churches they were either conservative or progressive. Traditionally sects are not seen as a conservative force. Q. an values. There Christian churches manage to foAssess the view that religion is a conservative force. Religion can be defined in many different ways, from the traditional view of a belief in God, contrasting with the functionalist view that religion only needs to function and help people and does not require a God. Religion can also differ in size and beliefs and, especially in modern countries, how progressive or conservative they are. Conservative religion s religion which religion which conserves a countries values and norms. The Christian religion does this in many western countries as it embodies many of the values which those countries hold. According to functionalists and Durkheim, by religion holding these values it makes them more sacred and re-enforces these values. According to Parsons religion also generalises these values into society. The values which are generally preserved by religion in these countries are very conservative ones. This is where religion is against social change, maintaining the status quo. This is what functionalists see as necessary for keeping and creating social unity. However, this differs greatly from progressive religion. Religion which is progressive brings about change within societies and usually holds very little of the same values which the society does, and by doing so doesn t reinforce them. Religion which usually falls under the category of progressive religion is very New Age, but they do not all challenge the values in western countries. This is where religion helps social change. Churches such as the Anglican church within Christianity are incredibly traditionally and conservative in the way that they hold very much the same values which they held including the views on certain behaviours which they traditionally held. Churches such as the Christian churccts see themselves as progressive within society and institutions which challenge a country s norms instead of conforming to them or agreeing with them. The tend to be very New Age in their beliefs and deviate from traditional conservative religions not just in values but in the way they recruit, have a hierarchy and conduct religious business. As many traditional religions are loosing members sects are rapidly growing in size, and although many don t make it through the first few years, those which do have increasing popularity and manage to recruit members which are more willing to be a force within society. This is where religion is becoming an increasingly progressive force within societies. Many sects are even progressive with how they recruit members. As well as the traditional route of recruiting one-on-one they also do so online. This is a very progressive method as it differs greatly from the usual method of bringing people into religion from birth and ado lance generally through religious ceremony. But, not all sects to this. The increasingly common Christian sect within Britain and American ( ) recruits members from birth within families, instating their values from birth. So, sects sometimes are conservative but in different ways. This shows that even new religions can be conservative and that the force of conservative religion remains strong. Weber look into Protestants and social change found that religion did result in the change of values and norms within British society at the time. Protestantism changed laws and made things such as dancing illegal. But, Protestantism, in many ways, was more traditional than what was in place before. If conservatism is defined as traditional values is was in fact a conservative force that took over Britain and many other countries within Western Europe. This contradicts the view that conservative religion reinforces values and norms with societies. Marxists argue that religion is a conservative force as it does not bring about social change. Many of the traditional values which many churches hold are values which are the same as middle class or are to the benefit of middle class. As they do not change Marxists believe that religion is the force behind this and are therefore a conservative, not a progressive force. Fundamentalists are traditionally seen as conservative religious forces. Taylor defines involvement in fundamentalism as those who believe that there is a challenge to the ultimate authority which the believe in; people who do not tolerate this challenge, they can reaffirm their belief in that authority and oppose those who challenge their beliefs. The reason fundamentalist are usually found to be religious is that according to this view fundamentalism involves the conservative reassertion of beliefs and, usually, action against any change. Conservative fundamentalists are most notably found to be a big force in the USA. They may hold traditional conservative Christian values but they are a progressive movement as they see the USA as declining away from the those values and especially the world. This movement is a return to old values and the reinstatement of them, such as a return to creationalism within schools. This movement is also forceful in that it holds a lot of power with America and its electoral system. President Bust who was elected for two terms manage to get elected mainly on a traditional conservative values campaign, showing that the conservative religion movement is huge within such a powerful advanced modern country. But even conservative fundamentalists can bring about progress change as what they believe are traditional values can differ from what other people believe for traditional values. This is especially true with Islam as within Islam are many different fundamentalist groups, all of whom are interpreting true Islam in different ways. The Sacred Brethren is also an example of a sect which can be seen as conservative and yet does rapidly change. When the leader of this sect died and someone else took over its values changed and although it remained a conservative force it was still resulting in change, not just reinstating its traditional values. And, fundamentalist can be progressive and bring about social change in other ways. In Iran the bringing back of traditional Islamic values brought major change as it overthrew the Iranian Government, in-stating new laws and values. Even tough it was a return to traditional values and came within a conservative force it was still progressive in bringing about change. Religion obviously differs a lot, not just in belief, and it can be spilt into progressive or conservative. But, even with this it can differ when you take into account the conservative religions which bring about change. Even though the evidence points towards sects and progressive religions being the future for this world as they increase their membership as conservative religions decrease their membership. But in countries such as the USA it is conservative religions which are increasing in power, which means the conservative religion and more power within societies. s manage to get elected mainly on a traditional conservative values campaign, showing that the conservative religion movement is huge within such a powerful advanced modern country.

The Hollow Men Essay -- essays research papers

The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Hollow Men,† a poem written by T.S. Eliot shows the narrators disgust and his faithless attitude toward all mankind. He refers to the human race as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece filled with straw,† (4) which creates the feeling and theme of emptiness. Eliot also uses allusions, symbols, and repetition as powerful, and depressing poetic devices to make mankind seem hollow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of emptiness is clearly visible throughout the poem, and it begins in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† refers to mankind being empty, and that there is no meaning to their life, and no purpose for the hollow men to go on. IN the first section of the poem, the second stanza states â€Å"Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot puts strong ideas together in such a way that they seem to cancel out each other, leaving an empty feeling . In section three, Eliot used â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to describe the setting, and â€Å"In deaths other kingdom/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the reader in an empty state of mind with no surroundings. When someone shouts into an empty, or wide area, it will always echo and repeat itself until it quietly dies off. This example of emptiness is expressed in the very last stanza of the poem, â€Å"This is the way th e world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a b... The Hollow Men Essay -- essays research papers The Theme of Emptiness in â€Å"The Hollow Men†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Hollow Men,† a poem written by T.S. Eliot shows the narrators disgust and his faithless attitude toward all mankind. He refers to the human race as being â€Å"hollow,† (1) and having a â€Å"headpiece filled with straw,† (4) which creates the feeling and theme of emptiness. Eliot also uses allusions, symbols, and repetition as powerful, and depressing poetic devices to make mankind seem hollow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of emptiness is clearly visible throughout the poem, and it begins in the title. â€Å"The Hollow Men† refers to mankind being empty, and that there is no meaning to their life, and no purpose for the hollow men to go on. IN the first section of the poem, the second stanza states â€Å"Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion.† (11-12) Here Eliot puts strong ideas together in such a way that they seem to cancel out each other, leaving an empty feeling . In section three, Eliot used â€Å"dead,† (39) and â€Å"cactus† (40) to describe the setting, and â€Å"In deaths other kingdom/Walking alone,† (46-47) leaves the reader in an empty state of mind with no surroundings. When someone shouts into an empty, or wide area, it will always echo and repeat itself until it quietly dies off. This example of emptiness is expressed in the very last stanza of the poem, â€Å"This is the way th e world ends This is the way the world ends This is the way the world ends Not with a b...

Human Communication Essay

In order to discuss fully the concept of cultural differences in human communication, it is important to tackle this in light of Latin communication. Aside from the fact that the United States and several Latin countries are geographical neighbors, it is undeniable that the American society of today is very much diverse. There are a growing number of Latin populations in the American society, thus interacting and communicating with one is inevitable. This topic is very interesting because we are not only looking at the idea of cultural differences, but we also apply it to the aspect of Latin communication. Communication is an integral part of the society, and with the Latin demographics to consider, it really deserves to be studied and be understood. In a reference used for this research, it was found out that the difference between Latin and other languages used for communication is crucial because it may be misinterpreted or be inappropriately used in communicating between cultures. A Latin word inappropriately used by an American speaker may be offensive, and vice versa. Even actions or behavior could also be misunderstood, or be considered impolite if not done properly. A concrete example would be kissing and hugging (U. S. Institute of Languages, 1995). In Latin, these are acts of simple communication as a greeting. Men and women alike do this, purely a friendly gesture with no romantic meaning being attached. Another reference focused on cultural differences in Latin communication when it comes to the workplace (Wederspahn, 2001). It focused on various concerns like communicating with bosses, peers, and subordinates, as well as dealing with people from other cultures. This research is important in communication because it helps in bridging the gap between different cultures. Knowing about a different culture like Latin is a big step in understanding it. If it is properly understood, then a good communication may proceed. The person communicating would know the boundaries and limits to the Latin communication process. He knows what should be and what shouldn’t be done, as well as what the other person might think with his actions. This improves the flow of communication, thus helping destroy the cultural barrier in communication. References: U. S. Institute of Languages. (1995). Spanish Culture and Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved January 25, 2009, from http://www. spanishprograms. com/spanish-culture. htm Wederspahn, G. M. (2001). Cross-Cultural Communication Between Latin American and U. S. Managers. Retrieved January 25, 2009, from http://www. grovewell. com/pub-Latin+US-mgrs. html

Personal and Professional Development Essay

I. Introduction Self-managed learning is an individual person or to find different ways of learning, which may be in the society they live or work in an environment that is diverse. Self-managed learning is also about setting goals for learning by assessing the learning goals and how to achieve that goal. People learn new things such different cultures of people, behavior, personality, cognitive, etc. Individuals can learn things not only in the classroom but also through friends, newspapers etc. Self-managed learning opportunity for people to come up with their own strategies for learning, although sometimes it takes a short time to learn something that might be possible for them to have can pass the exam, or completing a project, it is important for people to acquire knowledge as long as the current environment facing the challenges posed by technological development who need knowledge they can use them in your personal life and your career. Lifelong learning is all about continuous learning individuals can contribute to the professional context. Individuals may have personal assessment as a means of lifelong learning by assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to their (SWOT analysis). (James, 2014) Both 2 Long life and self- managed learning are important to each individual. Self-study, access is really the foundation for acquiring knowledge. Choose a suitable learning can maximize capacity and gather knowledge faster. Access to and understanding of knowledge is a huge advantage for personal growth, personal excellence productivity will lead to broad career. Appropriate plans put in place by making a plan of action, monitoring it, set the date, review it regularly will help students achieve their goals. Although, they need help from colleagues by accepting the opinions and judgments that will help them to learn, individuals need to understand the stages of the career development plan for the purpose of having a clear goal of what they want to achieve from learning self-management. It is a self- managed development can enhance long life. Today, when the world is integration, how to understand and choose a best way to learning to maximize the learning capacity is very important in the competition to get better positions to benefit themselves and their organizations, even is a national interest. Here I’ll write down clearly about my learning abilities, strengths and weaknesses of my learning ability to apply to your organization. II. Task 1: Evaluate approaches to self-managed learning: 1. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle Figure 1. Kolb’ ELC Model Having developed the model over many years prior, David Kolb published his model about learning styles model in 1984. This led to the related terms such as experiential learning theory of Kolb (ELT), and learning styles of Kolb inventory (LSI). In his publications – especially his 1984 book â€Å"learning experience: Experience as the source of Learning and Development ‘Kolb acknowledges the early learning experiences of others in the 1900s, including Rogers, Jung, and Piaget. In turn, the learning style model Kolb and experiential learning theory is now recognized by scholars, teachers, managers and trainers works as really profound concepts fundamental to our understanding and explaining the behavior of human learning, and towards helping others to learn. (businessballs, 2014) Kolb’s learning theory laid out four different learning styles (or preferences), which is based on a learning cycle of four stages. Kolb includes this â€Å"cycle of learning† as a central theoretical principles of their learning experience, usually calculated according to the four-stage cycle of learning, which â€Å"experienced immediate or concrete† offer a basis for â€Å"observations and reflections†. These’ observations and reflections are assimilation and distilled into â€Å"abstract concepts† producing new implications for action which can be â€Å"actively testing† times in turn creating new experiences. Here we are going to learn specifically about Kolb’s ELC model: Concrete Experience: Concrete experience is the first stage in 4 stages of Kolb’s ELC. It’s about when we done any activities, after that we have experiences. Experience will create based on done-activities. In this stage, individual or organization will be implemented or do activities. Base on activities and implementation, the experiences will be created. For example, Organizations open many actual work experiences or work rotation will help their employees be more realistic experiences. Also, for those who are in this stage, they are not primarily interested in theory; instead they want to treat each case as unique and learn best from specific examples. Reflexive Observation: â€Å"When the learner consciously reflects back on that  experience† (Many, 2014, p. 15). That means when the experience from stage 1 came, we have to review again, summarize all the task of activity and make sure it’s true. The ‘reflective observation’ factors deri ved from the analysis and judgment of events and discussions about learning and teaching that you take with your mentors and colleagues. People naturally think about their experiences in teaching, especially when they are new to it and less confident in their abilities or when an already painful experience. All of us went out to tell his lesson â€Å"went well or severe, in a visual sense. This could be called† common sense reflection ‘. But how do we know it is good or bad and what is good or bad about it? We need to speak our thoughts in a systematic way for us to remember what we think and build on the experience for the next time. This example may be through the self-reflection or evaluation of your next event by keeping a log or journal. It can also include feedback from students, peer observation of teaching (e.g., advice or opinions of your peers), moderation of assessment, examiners commented on the outside. All of these can be aggregated to give an overall reflection of your practice. Reflected in itself, though, is not enough to promote the learning and career development. Twenty years of experience may include twenty years of teaching the same content in the same way! Unless we act according to our reflections about themselves and about the opinions of others, there is no development took place. Abstract Conceptualization: â€Å"Is where the learner attempts to conceptualize a theory or model of what is observed† (Many, 2014, p. 15). In this stage, the definition start to forming, the place that all the concepts have to be specification. To plan what we would do different next time, we need to do? – In addition to our reflection on our experience – to be informed of educational theory for example, through the reading of relevant literature on teaching and learning or by attending staff development members or other activities. Therefore reflect a middle ground, aggregate and analyze the theory of action in the past. It allows us to conclude about our practice. Active Experimentation: â€Å"Is the learner trying to plan how to test a model or theory or plan for a forthcoming experience† (Many, 2014, p. 16). When all the concepts, definitions are formed and specific, the learning activity will be active. The conclusions we form from the stage ‘summary overview our’ then form the basis by which we can change the plan – ‘Operation experiments. ‘Experiment  Activity’ then starts the cycle again when we make changes in the actual teaching us to create a specific experience is then followed by reflection and sees review to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the changes†¦ After activities are active, we have experience again and go back to the stage 1 of Kolb’s ELC, continue and expand the cycle. That’s how Kolb’s ELC work. For example, A singer vocal training, when done the first song, he looked back and do not feel good because it is not appreciated when the song be uploaded online in the internet. Singer began thinking about the theory learned vocal and start over, with the stylized rhythms. Finally, the singer then develops a plan and has successfully recorded a next song. In addition, Kolb believes that we can not do both variations on a single axis at a time (such as thinking and feeling). Learning styles of our products is a choice of two decisions. It is often easier to see the construction of Kolb learning styles in a two-by-two matrix. Each learning style represents a combination of two favorite styles. The chart also highlights Kolb term for the four learning styles; diverging, assimilating, and converging, containing: Doing ( Active Experimentation) Watching (Reflexive Observation) Feeling (Concrete Experience) Accommodating Diverging Thinking (Abstract Conceptualization) Converging Assimilating Accommodating: The Accommodating learning style is ‘hands-on’, and relies on intuition rather than logic that mean: people who use other person’s analysis and want to participate in an approach of practical experience. They are attracted to the challenges and new experiences, and plan implementation. They often act on instinct rather than rational analysis.  People with a learning style will tend to rely on others to contain more information than carry out their analysis. This learning style is common in the general population. Diverging: These people can look at things from different perspectives. They are very sensitive. They prefer to watch rather than do, tending to gather information and use imagination to solve problems. They are best viewed in the specific situation of different perspectives. Kolb called this style â€Å"divergence† because people perform better in situations requiring idea generation, for example, brainstorming. Those with a diverging learning style have broad cultural interests and like to collect information. They are interested in people, tend to be imaginative and emotional, and tend to be strong in the arts. Those with divergent styles like teamwork, listening with an open mind and get a personal response. Converging: Those with a converging learning style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical problems. They prefer technical tasks, and less concerned with others and personal aspects. Those with a converging learning style are best to use the actual search for ideas and theories. They can solve problems and make decisions by finding solutions to questions and problems. Those with a converging learning style attracted many technical tasks and problems rather than social issues or individuals. A converging learning style allows the expertise and technology. Those with a style convergence want to experiment with new ideas, to simulate, and to work with practical applications. Assimilating: The assimilating learning preferences is a reasonable approach brief. The idea and concept is more important than people. These people require good clear explanation rather than practical opportunity. Predominates in-depth understanding of information and organize it in a clear logical format. People with learning style assimilation is less focused on people and more interested in ideas and abstract concepts. People with this style are more attracted to the more theoretically sound approaches based on practical value. This learning style is important for efficient information and science careers. In formal learning situations, people with this style prefer to read, lectures, exploring analytical models, and have time to think things through. 2. 7 Approaches to Learning There’re 7 ways to approach knowledge below: Learning through Research: Is a person who is able to use internet to read any things available that relevant with their demand. In addition, learning through research also is a person that likely to read books or documents to approach to knowledge. The advantages of this kind of learning is not waste time to learn how because everything already available on the internet and books. Their disadvantages are some time they will get too much information and waste time to classify. Learning from others: Coaches and mentors both work one-on-one. Person who’s tend to learn from precursor’s experience but in better way. With this style of learning, they will get the low rate of risk and comfortable to work. Besides, the disadvantages of learning from other are: They are always depending on mentor’s ideas, their creativity is not been developed. Some mentors come from the other environmental with different lever of knowledge and people who are learning from other won†™t understand, and apply the wrong way. Secondments: Is a person who approaches knowledge from traveling, changes in the work environment, work rotation†¦ Because of the continuity change of environment, their advantages are received more experiences, knowledge and adaptment. However, the disadvantages are lack of team work because they couldn’t belong with a group or a team or maybe they get sick because not suitable with the environment. Interview: It’s conducted in order to achieve a specific purpose for at least one of the practices involved, such as information gathering, problem solving or behavior change. Interview provides a vision about ourselves to know who we are. What our position? Interview helps them to know clearly about them self, know clearly about self-awareness. Obliviously, Not only advantages but also the disadvantages, the disadvantages is the information from interview can be inaccurate. Seminars and Conferences: Is the form that learning with teacher or professor. It usually held for groups of 10-50 individuals (a kind of meeting). Seminars and conferences help them to improve their working in group skill, communication skill, presentation skill because many home work for their team. The disadvantages are conflict of knowledge between teacher/professor and students, sometime is waste of time. Internet, Intranet, Extranet: Distance learning, learning through networking. Students can study online courses to obtain more knowledge outside of school. Because of the internet, extranet, intranet so the works/ knowledge are very convenient and cheaper  than learning in class with direct teacher but much if unverified information, out dated, irrelevant information are the disadvantages of this way to approach knowledge. New groups and forum: Is the kind of learning that we open a thread then discuss online a problem or situation with direct post and direct reply of members in group. When people talking, the brain start to storming and many ideas have given out, we can choose one of them. Sometime the ideas getting conflict and bias†¦ There are 7 approaches to learning and knowledge mentioned above, depends on each person, task, resource, and environmental organizations. Each environment, different jobs have different ways of learning to adapt to the situation. In Vietnam with amore harsh environmental conditions more than the other country. The existence of inferior technology and very difficult to identify the sources of open knowledge. In the US and some European countries, students are funded 100% of tuition, even health insurance from birth to 18 year-old. Also, they are equipped with a lot of open source knowledge and especially completely free. They also promote the academic life of students by offering an innovative fund, all creativity and invention will be using public money of government. However in Vietnam, many knowledge donors but not really common, most students are still very difficult to study and develop themselves. Excelled students tend to learn in a better environment to develop them; their dedication to foreigners led to Vietnam has been severely brain drain. Source: (See survey table in appendix). To against the brain drain and improve our own self-study, the following is suggested models that may help students develop Vietnam’s own self-study: With the popularity of social networking, the groups and the forums, you should use them as a learning tool instead of gaming. Figure 3. Self-Constructed study model 2 In Vietnam, mostly self-taught students through the internet so this model will maximize the learning ability and can reach to the most students in Vietnam; Based on hcmuaf.edu site, the percentage of students use the internet in Viet Nam up to 99% (Tran Minh Tri, Do Minh Hoang, 2013). We will share key, close documents (the documents must pay to be read) on a group or forum. On piracy, the State of Vietnam doesn’t have enough ability to find a  hidden group or a hidden topic to share information, discuss and exchange. You make a great ideas, questions, and people will talk, share relevant documents and receive the request. But it will take time to select a member’s idea, but the idea of the document will be firmer. You buy one document but can get back 10 documents related to the work you want to learn, study. Creating a community with the persons that have the same passion for learning and personal development will help you learn effectively in the environment of Vietnam. Source: (See survey table in appendix). III. Task 2: Propose ways in which lifelong learning in personal and professional contexts should be encouraged. 1. Continue Professional Development (CPD) What’s CPD Means? CPD stands for Continuing Professional Development. It refers to the process of tracking and recording the skills, knowledge and experience you can be both formal and informal as you work, beyond any initial training. It is a record of what you experience, learn and apply. This term is often used to mean a physical directory development portfolio of your document as a professional. Some organizations use it to mean a plan for training and development, which I would argue is not exactly true. This article is about the CPD is a process of recording and reflecting on learning and development. (Allen, 2014) What its functions? CPD process is to help you manage your own development on an ongoing basis. Its function is to help you record, review and reflect on what you learned. It is not a tick box document recording the training you have completed. It is wider than that. What are the difference between training and developing? These terms are often used interchangeably, although there are differences. As a rule of thumb, the training is formal and linear. It’s to do with learning how to do something specific, related to skills and competence. Training can be as simple as using a computer application and as complex as learning how to become a pilot. Developers often do not have a formal and widely applicable, giving you the tools to perform a variety of things and  is related to the ability and capacity. It is related to the evolution from basic tips to understanding how higher, adult or complex. Also it can be expanded your range of transferable skills such as leadership, project management or organizational information. 2. Honey and Mumford learning style Learning styles include a variety of theories for the differences in modeling natural systems or personal habits of collecting and processing information in the learning situation. A core concept is that individuals differ in the way we learn. The idea of ​​individual learning style originated in the 1970s, and has great influence education. Proponents of the use of learning styles in education recommend that teachers assess learning styles of students and adapt their classroom methods to suit the learning styles of each best student. Although there is ample evidence that individuals express preferences for how they want to receive information, some studies have found value in the use of learning styles in education. Critics say there is no evidence that the identified learning styles of each student. To understand the learning styles, we have four learning styles based on Honey and Mumford theory as follows: (Mobbs, 2013) Activist: Definition: Activist involving themselves fully and without bias in new experiences. They enjoy the here and now, and I’m happy to be dominated by immediate experiences. They are open-minded, not skeptical, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about anything new. Their philosophy is: â€Å"I’ll try anything once†. The activists are learning by doing. Activists need to get their hands dirty, to jump in with both feet first. There is an open-minded approach to learning, involving them fully and without bias in new experiences. Career: Because of their characteristics is preferred adventurous, not afraid of risk and dare to accept the challenge to succeed, they work with the high-risk nature, requires brainstorming and experience, based on the characteristic of openness in big 5 traits model3 , for example as Strategy  Director. Why is Strategy Director? Strategy Director is a job that requires creativity and pioneering. Strategy Director huge impact to the reputation of a company or a corporation. Similar with openness in big 5 traits, openness very excited to be experienced with whatever news; they want to be a pioneer. When creating a new strategy, the risk of failure is big, but if successful, it will bring the not-small benefits when our company/ group is a pioneer company/group, a leader company/group in a particular field. Way to enhance: From above, to manage risks and develop good career, Activist should use the interview-learning to know their exact location and their own ability clearly, from that then personal development and minimize risk.

Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense Exercise

Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense Exercise This recasting exercise will give you practice in using the appropriate past-tense forms of regular and irregular verbs. Instructions The following paragraph has been adapted from Memorandum, an essay by E.B. White (One Mans Meat, 1944). Rewrite Whites paragraph, eliminating the phrase ought to wherever it appears and putting the italicized verbs in the past tense. Follow the example below. Example Original SentenceI ought to knock the wedges out from the frames of the pier, put a line on the frames, and tow them in on the high water.Sentence Recast in the Past TenseI knocked the wedges out from the frames of the pier, put a line on the frames, and towed them in on the high water. Memorandum I ought to take up the wire fence round the chicken range today, roll it up in bundles, tie them with six-thread, and store them at the edge of the woods. Then I ought to move the range houses off the field and into the corner of the woods and set them up on blocks for the winter, but I ought to sweep them out first and clean the roosts with a wire brush... I ought to add a bag of phosphate to the piles of hen dressing that have accumulated under the range houses and spread the mixture on the field, to get it ready for plowing... On my way in from the range I ought to stop at the henhouse long enough to climb up and saw off an overhanging branch from the apple tree. I shall have to get a ladder of course and a saw. When you have completed the exercise, compare your work with the revised paragraph below.​ Memorandum  (Recast in the Past Tense) I  took  up the wire fence  round  the chicken range today,  rolled  it up in bundles,  tied  them with six-thread, and  stored  them at the edge of the woods. Then I  moved  the range houses off the field and into the corner of the woods and  set  them up on blocks for the winter, but I  swept  them out first and  cleaned  the  roosts  with a wire brush... I  added  a bag of phosphate to the piles of  hen  dressing that  had  accumulated under the range houses and  spread  the mixture on the field, to get it ready for plowing... On my way in from the  range  I  stopped  at the henhouse long enough to climb up and saw off an overhanging branch from the apple tree. I  had  to get a ladder of course and a saw. Related Revision Exercises Recasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense II: From In the Heart of the Heart of the Country by William GassRecasting a Paragraph in the Past Tense III: From  Appalachian Wilderness  by Edward Abbey

Expressing Preferences with Would Rather

Expressing Preferences with Would Rather Both  would rather and would prefer  are  used to express preferences in English.  Here are some examples of short conversations that use would rather  and would prefer  to either state or ask for a preference. John: Lets go out tonight.Mary: Thats a good idea.John: How about going to a film? Theres a new film out with Tom Hanks.Mary: Id rather go out for dinner. Im hungry!John: Okay. Which restaurant would you prefer?Mary: Id prefer to eat at Johnnys. They serve great steaks. Sue: Im not sure which topic to choose for my essay.Debby: Well, what are your choices?Sue: I can write about the economy or about a book.Debby: Which would you rather write about?Sue: Id prefer to write about a book.Debby: How about Moby Dick?Sue: No, Id rather write about Timothys Gift. Would Rather - Structure Use  would rather  plus the simple form of the verb. Its common to use would rather in the shortened Id rather form in positive statements. Use  Would rather  to refer to the present moment or a future moment in time. Here are the structures: Positive Subject would rather (d rather) verb Peterd rather spend time on the beach.I would rather learn a new language than study math. Question Would subject rather verb   Would you rather stay at home?Would they rather do homework tomorrow morning? Negative Subject would rather (d rather)   not   verb   Shed rather not go to class today.Id rather not answer that question. Would Rather Than Would rather is often used with than  when making a choice between two specific actions: Would you rather eat dinner out than cook dinner tonight?She would rather play tennis than go horseback riding. Would Rather Or Would rather  can also be used to ask for a choice between two with the conjunction  or: Would you rather eat here or go out?Would you rather study or watch TV? Would Rather Someone Do Would rather is also used to express what one person prefers another person would do. The structure is similar to the unreal conditional because it expresses an imaginary wish. However, the form is also used to ask a polite question. S would rather Person past verb   Tom would rather Mary bought an SUV.Would you rather she stayed here with us? Positive Subject would rather (d rather) object past tense I would rather my son worked in finance.Susan would rather Peter took a plane. Question Would subject rather object past tense Would you rather her sister flew home tomorrow?Would you rather he came with us to the meeting? Would Prefer Its also possible to use  would prefer  instead of  would rather  to speak about present preferences.  In this case, follow prefer by the infinitive form of the verb: Positive Subject would prefer (d prefer) infinitive (to do) Jennifer would prefer to stay at home tonight.The teacherd prefer to have the test next week. Question Would subject prefer   infinitive (to do) Would you prefer to go out for dinner tonight?Would they prefer to stay in New York for the week? Expressing Preferences with Prefer Use the simple present with  prefer  to express general preferences between people, places or objects. Use the preposition  to  to state your preference: Positive Subject prefer   object to object She prefers coffee to tea.  I prefer summer vacations to winter vacations.   Question Do subject prefer   Ã‚  object to object Do you prefer wine to beer?Does she prefer New York to Chicago? When stating preferences for activities, use  prefer  followed by either the gerund or the infinitive form of the verb:   Positive Subject prefer  Ã‚  to do / doing object My friend prefers to finish his chores early in the morning.  Jack prefers doing his homework at home to doing it in the library. Question Do subject prefer   to do / doing object When do you prefer staying at home to going out at night?Does she prefer to eat in restaurants? Preferences Quiz I Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb (do, to do, doing, did): Jenniferd rather _____ (stay) home for dinner tonight.I think Id prefer _______ (play) chess  today.Would you rather I _____ (leave) you alone?Id rather the students _____ (study) for their test.Peter prefers _____ (relax) at home on the weekend. Preferences Quiz II Fill in the gap with  to, than, or: Do you prefer coffee _____ tea?I think Id prefer _____ drive to California.  Would you rather go to the club _____ go to the beach? (asking for a choice)Hed rather work all day _____ go to the beach! (make a specific choice)My friend prefers Japanese food _____ American food. Quiz Answers Quiz I stayto play  leftstudyrelaxing / to relax Quiz II totoorthanto

The End of The Indie Gold Rush -- A guest post for Bookmachine

The End of The Indie Gold Rush A guest post for Bookmachine The End of The Indie Gold Rush? A guest post for Bookmachine I was invited to guest post for Bookmachine and decided to dig deeper in the point made by Kristine Kathryn Rush that we might be at the end of the indie gold rush, if there ever was one. Here’s to starting the year on a positive note!An ALCS survey in the UK  last summer crystallised industry concerns about whether career authorship is a viable profession these days. The report painted a somewhat grim picture for professional and part-time authors alike–regardless of whether those authors publish traditionally or independently. (For a crash-course on the industry landscape, I recommend Kristine Kathryn Rush’s exhaustive report on â€Å"things indies learned in 2014†.)The question now is, has the indie â€Å"Gold Rush† passed? Is success finite, and has it been mined to depletion?I don’t believe so.In fact, I’m convinced we’ll see many more indie success stories over the next few years–maybe even more than the ones weâ €™ve witnessed so far. The â€Å"Gold Rush† ends when there is no more gold left, or no way to get to it. That’s not the case here. The problem today is that there are too many people who want to find it, and perhaps not enough of them willing to do the hard work it takes to strike it rich.Read the whole post over at Bookmachine!

Guns and Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guns and Crimes - Essay Example This paper highlights that the provided gun control argumentative essay develops the idea of significance of gun control in modern society. Not all gun violence emanates from criminals. In 1988 there were more than 17,000 cases of gun suicide in the country. Suicide is a violent act, but it is certainly not a class of criminal activity to may people. There were more than eight hundred accidental, but fatal shootings in the same year, another type of gun violence that does occur to majority people as an instance of gun crime. In essence, gun violence is a somewhat broader term than gun crime as it encompasses both gun homicides and accidental shootings and gun suicides. It is important noting that most people think of gun homicides to gun crime, and that they do not consider accidental shooting and gun suicides as a form of crime. Enthusiasts debate sometimes tend to blur the difference between noncriminal and criminal gun violence to advance their personal agendas, often using statis tics on gun violence to emphasize the negative effects of gun crimes.Rather than using statistics on gun crime, antigun activists in most cases use statistics on gun violence to convince people on the necessity of gun control legislations. literature indicates that 30,708 Americans citizens died from gunfire in 1988 alone. The stated figure is accurate, but it combines both statistics on gun suicide, gun homicide, and accidental shootings. From this paper it is clear that   gun violence is a somewhat broader term than gun crime as it encompasses both gun homicides and accidental shootings and gun suicides. It is important noting that most people think of gun homicides to gun crime, and that they do not consider accidental shooting and gun suicides as a form of crime. Enthusiasts on both sides of the gun control debate sometimes tend to blur the difference between noncriminal and criminal gun violence to advance their personal agendas, often using statistics on gun violence to emphasize the negative effects of gun crimes. Rather than using statistics on gun crime, antigun activists in most cases use statistics on gun violence to convince people on the necessity of gun control legislations. According to Brady Campaign against gun violence, their literature indicates that 30,708 Americans citizens died from gunfire in 1988 alone. The stated figure is accurate, but it combines both statistics on gun suicide, gun homicid e, and accidental shootings. Consequently, it may potentially mislead people about the effects of gun crimes, as more than half of figure labeled as ‘dead from gunfire’ were either victims of accidental shooting or committed suicide. On the other hand, opponents of gun control may employ ominous data on gun violence to persuade people that guns are important for self-defense against gun-toting criminals. In this regard therefore, people convinced by this perception would most likely oppose any suggestion to enact gun control laws. For instance, pro-gun advocates argue that women should carry guns for self-defense.  

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example The stem cell research has been supported by many who have observed the scope and the need for such a research. However, there are arguments contrary to these by people who effectively disagree with the said phenomena ab initio. In respect of embryonic stem cell research it is argued by many to be an unethical procedure whereby lives of people are taken in the process. The important question in this respect is the ascertain ability of when actual stages of life begin. A blastocyst is where a cluster cells which are known as the inner cell mass is where the embryo is arises. The outer layer of the cells gives rise to the placenta as well as other supporting which are required for fetal development within the uterus and as far as the tissues of the body are concerned they rise by means of the inner cell mass cells. The problem in respect of stem cell research, in particular the embryonic stem cell research was one of the most important political issue of the first tenure of President G eorge W. Bush of the United States of America. The first and foremost action that was undertaken by the aforementioned President was on 09th August 2001 whereby he imposed a ban whereby no federal spending would be done for the reason to obtain new embryonic stem cells from fertilized embryos. The argument put forward by the President was that the said research was destroying human life and therefore such incidents should be curtailed. Furthermore, during the period of the 109th Congress there was a bill passed by both houses which was signed by the President which banned the creation of fetuses by people for the sole reason that they would eventually be destroyed and the body parts would be harvested upon. There were bills passed by the 109th and 110th Congress so as to overturn the band, however, the same were vetoed by the President. Contrary to the said motion, the Senate passed a bill so as to encourage research so as to create stem cells without destruction of human embryos. T he stance in respect of embryonic stem cell research can be said to be a trend worldwide, however the governments of the rest of the world have found that there have been effective contributions that have been made by the research on stem cells and have created a difference. Therefore after such analysis the governments have been granting adequate funds and grants so as to excel the said research. China: The website stemcellschina is a mechanism that has been adopted by way of which people who spread over the entire world are connected with the centers who are actively performing stem cell therapy in China. In January 2004 the Ministry of Science of Technology and Ministry of Health, issued the "Guidelines for Research on Human Embryonic Stem Cells," however it can still be easily construed that China is by far the most unrestrictive country in respect of embryonic stem cell research. The guidelines tend to prohibit any research in respect of cloning and state the embryos that are o btained should come only from Spared gamate or blastocyst after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures;Fetal cells from accidental spontaneous or voluntarily selected abortions;Blastocyst or parthenogenetic split blastocyst obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer technology; or Germ cells voluntarily donated. Australia: In respect of Australia there is partial support that is research on embryonic stem cells that have been derived by means of the procedure of IVF are allowed, however, reproductive cloning is not allowed. The main

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example This paper presents a detailed overview of cloud computing. This paper also discusses the benefits offered by this modern technology. Cloud Computing The trend of cloud computing is rapidly growing. Cloud computing methodology is vastly ubiquitous in this technological period. However we can define cloud computing technology as an idea or a trend. In this scenario, cloud computing is a useful technique for accessing various applications with storage capacity from a distant location via internet link. Thus it is not an advance standard approach. On the other hand, the cloud computing is an ideal solution for the management and provision of applications, information and data as a service. Additionally, these services are provided over the internet, often on a consumption-based model. In this way we can say that cloud computing  is a technological aspect that is used in main servers and internet to sustain information as well as programs. Usually it is known as a  grid of computersà ‚  that are useful for serves like a service oriented structural design. Hence this design is used for delivering software along with information. Moreover cloud computing facilitates its users and business related modules to make use of applications without paying any cost. Therefore users may access their private data and information through computers, which have internet connection. Cloud computing technological aspects facilitate us through well-organized and resourceful computing with centralizing memory allocation, storage space, bandwidth and processing (Cleveland, S, & Lewis, 2011; TechTarget, 2007; Hartig, 2009). Cloud computing brings a lot of opportunities and solutions for business related problems in organizational matters and for individuals. In this scenario, a straightforward example that fits best to cloud computing is of email servers such as Gmail, Yahoo mail and Hotmail etc. We use these applications without installing any additional hardware, software or any ser ver on our personal computer. Hence the concept of installing any hardware or software (that might be of any sort) is eliminated. In this scenario, users only need to have an internet link and they can start sending or receiving e-mails. The approach behind the central server and email management application is on the internet (cloud). The user makes use of it alone or in community and benefit from its aspects. However cloud computing is broken down into 3 important components. These are following: 1. Infrastructure 2. Applications 3. Platforms In this scenario, each component/segment carries out a different job furthermore offers versatile application for individuals and business purpose round the globe (Cleveland, S, & Lewis, 2011; TechTarget, 2007; Hartig, 2009). Information and storage recovery are important features offered by the computers. In addition, we can simply accumulate our private information like that most wanted songs and children photographs or download movies on t hem. Thus these utilities are widely adopted and used in broader terms. In this scenario, Flicker is a well known name, which is a major example of cloud computing. Flicker allows us to access our videos, important data or images. It does not rely on our location (location is not a matter) and kind of tool we are using. Thus while uploading the essential material we can easily access them from our laptop, personal machine or from I-phone handset (Nations, 2011). Second aspect that is

Quality Function Deployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quality Function Deployment - Essay Example QFD also differs in the fact that it concentrates more on adding new features and components according to customer needs and expectations rather then simply focusing on eliminating features or components not required by the customer. The QFD institute describes QFD as a comprehensive quality design method that: The following essay will start with a brief look on the evolution of QFD and its expansion to the rest of the world. This will be followed by a discussion on the framework of house of quality (HoQ) as well as the elements that forms part of the HoQ. The next sections will then cover the advantages and the benefits offered by the method which will be followed by a discussion on the drawbacks of the method. The roots of QFD can be traced back to United States in 1940s with the emergence of 'value engineering'. Due to limited reources at General Moters (GM), alternative designs were considered and it often resulted in better product and lower cost. This led the management at GM to investigate and develop effective ways to improve value and resulted in launching of the program 'value analysis' (VA) in 1947 with tremendous success. In 1954, Department of Defense's bureau of Ships embraced a similar approach in it procurement activities and named its programme 'value engeenering'. However, Jiang, Shiu and Tu mention that even though the initial concept of quality originated in the United States, early industrial applications predominantly took place at Japanese companies (30). After the World War II, Japan's industry was devastated and Japanese begun rebuilding the industry with the help of Americans. Quality was given a significant importance, leading to the establishment of statistical quality control in Japanese manufacturing industry. The quality management activities at the time were concerned with quality of the product during the manufacturing process or after. During this time, Professors Shigeru Mizuno and Yoji Akao focused on developing a quality assurance method that would integrate customer satisfaction into the product even before the product was manufactured. Based on this concept, Mizuno and Akao subsequently published their first book on the topic in 1978 (Jiang, Shiu and Tu 33). In 1966, Mr Kiyotaka Oshiumi of Bridgestone Tire in Japan was presented with a process assurance items table. This table had a fishbone diagram showing the links from the substitute quality characteristics, which were converted from true qualities (customer needs), to the process factors. A further field of 'Design Viewpoints' was later added to this table. (Akao and Mazur 21) Although the idea was presented to various companies for trails, it did not generate much public interest at the time. Akao and Mazur mention that the approach at the time was still inadequate in terms of setting the design quality (21). However, this changed with the creation of quality chart by the Kobe Shipyards of Mitsubishi Heavy Industry in 1972. Their table indicated the true quality (customer needs) in terms of function and then showed the relationship between these

Administering the School Budget & Accounting and Auditing Essay - 2

Administering the School Budget & Accounting and Auditing - Essay Example A comprehensive and aligned education program should give out the data that are necessary in answering questions like who finances education, how funds are allocated, how many funds are spending on the program, and how education resources are aligned to the achievement of students (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al, 2008). For these questions to be answered, a system of education requires more components than just finance. It needs a system of staff records, record of students, property system, program component, and a system of community service. The system of instructional agreement can be directed to records of students. This will give policymakers a Herculean analytic capability that would make timely and cost-effective decisions. This paper reports on incidents of misuse of funds that might have been avoided if a proper accounting and auditing practices had been followed. The paper discuses a situation in one of the school districts in Fentress County Tennessee. A school needs to be concerned with the achievement of a bottom line that is profitable. Many education entities have an expectation of being in a position that is breakeven whenever an academic year ends. In York elementary school, in Fentress County Tennessee, the situation is particularly different. ... This audit established that approximately $ 125,000 had been allegedly paid to unperformed work. The auditing statement showed out that there had been some misused credit cards. In this regard, the credit card of the school was used to purchase more than $ 3,500 of personal purchases that were unauthorized. This is what made the state Bureau to allege misconduct in this school. According to the audit made, no employee had been resigned from his position due to the prior audits. When the school’s principal was asked to give out an explanation for the situation, he argued that all employees in a school are administrators and that they should always make purchases even without their boss’s authorization. Additionally, a charge had been split in order to obtain the limit of the credit card. In this case, the principle added that there were some corrective measures that had already been taken in maintaining the school district. However, the measures taken had not been realiz ed; therefore, the audit concluded that there was a failure in compliance of York elementary school with the districts' procedures and policies in the school’s financial oversight and accounting. This was a terribly serious situation in the school. This report was displayed as parents and students of this school were protesting the decision of the district to put one principal on leave. After this audit, an investigation concerning the school’s financial system was set. The investigation on York elementary school reported that the school district failed to have a reliable internal control. This means that the internal control was not appropriate to prevent the misuse of specific assets. A number of employees of the school made a confirmation to the

Antimicrobial Resistance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Antimicrobial Resistance - Essay Example In doing so the microbes develop primary resistant to the drugs. Another cause for resistance is when the health care providers use excessive antibiotics and antimalarials that in the long run lead to drug resistance (WHO, 20ll) . The patients on the other hand have contributed to drug resistance because of failure to complete prescribed doses. Some get better and through away the drugs before they are healed. They also engage in self medication by buy drugs that are not meant to treat a certain diseases in so doing they increase drug resistance (Stephen S. Morse, 1995). The inndustries increase drug resistance through the manufacture of substandard drugs that have low potency and therefore do not cure diseases. Some industries also import counterfeit drugs that are of very low quality, while some manufacture drugs with wrong ingredients and all these result in drug resistance. To help prevent antimicrobial resistance health care providers should educate the health workers so as to curb inappropriate prescribing. Secondly, they should also train drug dispensers to require prescriptions and make refferals when necessary (Richard Smith, 2001). Third they can also improve the communication between the patients and the doctor so as to improve adherence to prescribed drugs. Lastly they can institute disease control practises such as use of mosquito nets, hand washing to reduce pathogen transmissions (CDC, 2000). CDC. (2000, January). A public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved Septemeber 22, 2011, from Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/actionplan/aractionplan.pdf Richard Smith, J. C. (2001, September). Interventions against antimicrobial resistance. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from Global Forum for Health Research: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/interventions_against_antimicrobial_resistance.pdf Stephen S. Morse, P. (1995, March).

Administering the School Budget & Accounting and Auditing Essay - 2

Administering the School Budget & Accounting and Auditing - Essay Example A comprehensive and aligned education program should give out the data that are necessary in answering questions like who finances education, how funds are allocated, how many funds are spending on the program, and how education resources are aligned to the achievement of students (Brimley, Rulon, Garfield, et.al, 2008). For these questions to be answered, a system of education requires more components than just finance. It needs a system of staff records, record of students, property system, program component, and a system of community service. The system of instructional agreement can be directed to records of students. This will give policymakers a Herculean analytic capability that would make timely and cost-effective decisions. This paper reports on incidents of misuse of funds that might have been avoided if a proper accounting and auditing practices had been followed. The paper discuses a situation in one of the school districts in Fentress County Tennessee. A school needs to be concerned with the achievement of a bottom line that is profitable. Many education entities have an expectation of being in a position that is breakeven whenever an academic year ends. In York elementary school, in Fentress County Tennessee, the situation is particularly different. ... This audit established that approximately $ 125,000 had been allegedly paid to unperformed work. The auditing statement showed out that there had been some misused credit cards. In this regard, the credit card of the school was used to purchase more than $ 3,500 of personal purchases that were unauthorized. This is what made the state Bureau to allege misconduct in this school. According to the audit made, no employee had been resigned from his position due to the prior audits. When the school’s principal was asked to give out an explanation for the situation, he argued that all employees in a school are administrators and that they should always make purchases even without their boss’s authorization. Additionally, a charge had been split in order to obtain the limit of the credit card. In this case, the principle added that there were some corrective measures that had already been taken in maintaining the school district. However, the measures taken had not been realiz ed; therefore, the audit concluded that there was a failure in compliance of York elementary school with the districts' procedures and policies in the school’s financial oversight and accounting. This was a terribly serious situation in the school. This report was displayed as parents and students of this school were protesting the decision of the district to put one principal on leave. After this audit, an investigation concerning the school’s financial system was set. The investigation on York elementary school reported that the school district failed to have a reliable internal control. This means that the internal control was not appropriate to prevent the misuse of specific assets. A number of employees of the school made a confirmation to the

W 6 OIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W 6 OIS - Essay Example Unfortunately though, there are some challenges that easily come up in their bid to doing so. Among other things, Wager, Lee and Glaser (2009) identifies the absence of an evaluation process, health information technology (HIT) barriers and an expected pass rate of 100% as three core challenges to MU. For most of these challenges organizations are faced with the need to improvising ways of overcoming them through the use of an in-house risk mitigation program. Once the challenges are overcome and the use of MU is set to roll, there are several advantages that become achieved as a result. In the first place MU, comes to address the problem of medication errors, which can also be attributed to issues such as fatigue on the part of health practitioners, mechanization of processes and human errors (Lee and Corey, 2002). As the issue of medication error through the institutionalization of HER is achieved, the credibility of organizations goes up. What is more, efficiency of health organizations becomes improved since MU ensures that much productivity is guaranteed within a very short time frame (Wager, Lee and Glaser, 2009). Mentzer et al (2011) also noted the fact that MU engages patients and families and thus making a shared responsibility a very useful parameter for achieving results within the healthcare

Jet Blue Essay Example for Free

Jet Blue Essay There are a few trends that have come into play over the past few years. These different trends range from pricing for the flight to in flight perks. It seems that the perks and other in flight amenities are what may be what makes the difference and will impact any of the airline company’s strategy. Due to major hikes in fuel costs over the past year the airlines have had no other choice but to start passing this expense on to the flyers. The airlines have been trying to come up with competitive ways to differentiate themselves from the competition. Many of the airlines even charge for you check bags also. According to Ethan Davidoff in his article The Cost Behind Checking Bags most airlines only charge $25 for a bag to be checked but there is Southwest Airlines that allows two bags to be checked before charging. With that said in the above mentioned article one can see that you definitely want to travel light because for more than one bag the prices start to increase all the way up to $600. Although Southwest allows two checked bags there are other airlines that allow one free checked bag and most have a weight limit of 50lbs. If one were to travel internationally it may be cheaper to just purchase brand new clothes when you land. Not to mention the convenience of not checking any bags or having to wait to pick it up when you land, etc. So not only have airlines starting charging to check bags but many have stopped providing food, unless the flight is over a given amount of time and you are usually paying for that snack. The above mentioned change in airline airfares has certainly affected many airlines’ strategies. Also as mentioned above it has affected them most specifically in what type of benefits, perks, or amenities that they are willing to offer their flyers. Jet Blue has certainly followed suite and done various things to try to set themselves apart Discuss Jet Blue’s strategic intent. Jet Blue says that their â€Å"objective is optimize our fare mix to increase our average fare and, in certain markets, utilize our network to maximize connecting opportunities while continuing to provide our customers with competitive fares† (jetblue. om SEC filings, p. 31). Like any other company they are looking to cut costs without hurting any of the aspects of their company that sets them apart (i. e. customer service, tv, radio). Jet Blue airline seems to have set its strategy to take advantage of the charges that other airlines charge. They have set themselves apart by offering things on their flights that other airlines either don’t have or charge for. Jet Blue allows the firs t bag to fly free, the second costs $35, and the third costs $75. Although they do not have wireless broadband yet, unlike some other airlines, they do plan to have it in place 2012, and this is so because all of Jet Blue’s aircrafts are being set up for ViaSat satellite wireless which is new and no other airline has. Jet Blue is testing the service for ViaSat and the FAA for testing to be approved for use on airlines. However on the ground in the terminal it does offer free broadband at most airports (http://www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/onboard/wifi. asp). A strategy held by Jet Blue like that of any business is to improve its bottom line. Jet Blue wants not only to be profitable while reducing costs but they want their customers to be happy and have a good flying experience. Jet Blue has a saying on their site that says â€Å"our standards beat their extras† (http://www. jetblue. com/flying-on-jetblue/). They aim to provide stellar customer service. As a matter of fact according to ehow. com Jet Blue â€Å"was awarded the Conde Nast Traveler ‘Readers Choice Award’ for best domestic airline† and â€Å"in 2008, it won J. D. Power and Associates ‘Highest Customer Satisfaction Among Low Cost Carriers in North America’ award (ehow. com). More specifically they also state on their website that they have † ranked ‘Highest in Customer Satisfaction Among Low-Cost Carriers in North America’ by J. D. Power and Associates for five years in a row† (http://www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue airlines prides itself on its customer service. As noticed from the previous paragraph they have won awards for their customer service. It is no wonder that the company believes in making their customer’s flight experience a pleasant one since the company was started by â€Å"David Neeleman and a number of Southwest Airlines employees in February 1999† (ehow. om). Outstanding customer service is part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition. Discuss Jet Blue’s financial objectives and whether or not the company has been successful in achieving this objective. Before even getting into the financial objectives of the company just reading the SEC report for 2010 really shows proof that Jet Blue has been an extremely successful company over the past ten years. Since they were incorporated in 1998, flight starting in 2000, they have grown from $38. million in net income in 2001 to net income of $97 million in 2010 (jetblue. com). The aforementioned data shows proof of growth and success in lieu of turbulent financial times with rising fuel costs. Fuel costs dramatically rose over the company’s time in business which could have easily put a company under but they continue to strive. Discuss Jet Blue’s strategic elements of cost, organizational culture, and human resource practices and evaluate whether each element provides the organization with a competitive advantage. Jet Blue continues to be competitive with their ticket and baggage pricing. In their 2010 SEC filing they term themselves a â€Å"value airline – based on service, style, and cost† (p. 4). They go on to discuss in the overview how they feel that they continue to provide â€Å"best coach product† and â€Å"reasonably priced optional upgrades† (http://investor. jetblue. com, p. 4). As for Jet Blue’s organizational culture their web site specifically says â€Å"If youre looking for a job where your career, your passion, and your sense of fun are all important then youve landed at the right place. At JetBlue weve built an award-winning brand based on delivering value, service, style and comfort to our customers — and to our crewmembers. And, by hiring people who share our vision, weve created a place where people enjoy coming to work† (http://www. jetblue. com/about/work/). Jet Blue continues remain un-unionized. Discuss Jet Blue’s strategies for 2008 and beyond and evaluate whether or not Jet Blue will be successful implementing these strategies. Part of their strategy in 2008 has been the same as previous and later years, to remain on time with their flights. They have continued to do well meeting this goal. Jet Blue’s ongoing strategy has been to deliver exceptional customer service and on time direct flights. In 2008 they stated in their SEC filings that they were the â€Å"7th largest passenger carrier† and in their 2010 SEC filings they were the â€Å"6th largest†. Regardless of any strategies that they planned to implement they were obviously successful. The proof lies in their continued recognition by JD Power Assoc, their net income increases, and their growth to 6th largest passenger carrier in the US. While other airlines are folding, being bought out, or merging Jet Blue is continuing to grow. It is no wonder since they offer outstanding customer service as only part of their strategy and it is one of their many features that puts them heads above the competition. Some of their other features that ranks them high with their customers is the fact that they offer 36 tv channels, XM/Sirius radio, and unlimited snacks and beverages to all passengers at no cost. Kudos to a company for keeping its employees (all non-union) and customers happy.

Operational Activities of Tesco and Coca Cola

Operational Activities of Tesco and Coca Cola Executive Summary Operations management plays a key role in achieving the performance objectives at Tesco and Coca Cola. The underlying aim is to pace in such a way that the focus lays on the customer needs and wants while the organization stays profitable. Substantial facts have been established with sole focus on utilization of resources by both the companies in an efficient manner. Organizational difference between the two companies has been highlighted under the light of operations management. And an evaluation mix based on both the organizations operational framework is elaborated depicting various factors involved. A critical analysis on the structure of both the organizations is provided which mainly entails the similarities and differences on their respective processes and operations. Contents Section A In the following section, introduction to the selected companies is provided in which a deep insight into the identification of current customers is discussed and what current strategies are applied to them. Along with that, it has also been explained that how the operations are aligned to the customer needs. Introduction to TESCO Tesco is the largest retailer chain in the UK and the third largest in the world. To be exact, as stated in Tesco About Us, (2010), it has operations in 2,362 stores in Britain alone. Tesco started off by trading only groceries but now it merchandizes almost every consumer product ranging from a needle to consumer electronics and financial serves. It has grown through various acquisitions of businesses. As Tesco has grown and so have its employees. Tesco currently employs 286,394 staff in the UK and over 460,000 worldwide (The Times 100 , 2009). To serve bigger markets it needs well-trained staff. The UK is the companys largest market, where it operates under four banners of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The company sells almost 40,000 food products, including clothing and other non-food lines. The companys own-label products (50 percent of sales) are at three levels, value, normal and finest. It knows that better staff knowledge, skills and job satisfaction is all vital to i ts further growth.( http://ivoryresearch.com/sample5.php) 2.1 Customers Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. Tesco is purely a consumer centred organization. It constantly strives to offer new services, products and ways to shop. It also makes sure that the delivery is executed on time and is hassle free with no strings attached. Its customers include two entities which comprise of B2C and B2B; domestic or regular buyers and small businesses that buy in bulk for further retail, respectively. According to Baba, (2009), Tesco has an aggregate market share of 30.5% with ASDA following it with about half the lag. 2.2 Alignment All the stores are linked to a database and inventory control is ensured in order to meet the consumer demands. It keeps on giving discounts on goods that are in demand and customer focussed. Especially during seasonal events, Tesco has the policy of lowering the prices while maintaining the quality of products as well services offered. Tesco makes use of advance technology in its routine as well as specialized chores. It has innovated and deployed cameras to reduce queues on self-service tills. This is considered as a breakthrough in mechanized retail business. Introduction to Coca Cola Coca Cola started it operations from Atlanta in 1886 as a drug to relieve from headache by a pharmacist Dr. John S Pemberton. Later it became popular and was put into production as a carbonated cola drink. Currently, The Coca Cola Company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and produces nearly 400 brands. Its winning team comprises of over 92,800 employees globally. It has operations in more than 200 countries. Coca Cola Great Britain (CCGB) offers 21 brands and over a hundred products to the consumers in the UK. Its regional headquarters are situated in west London. 3.1 Customers Coca Cola is a refreshing and invigorating brand and caters to the same market as such. Customers include the youth and young adults but kids and adults have also shown frequent consumption patterns over time. According to Coca Cola, (2010), it offers about 1.6 billion servings of its products to the consumers per day. This represents that it has a huge customer base and is very popular among many. 3.2 Alignment Coca Colas vast operations system is responsible of catering to variable demand of its consumers. With a customer base this large, it has concentrated on its supply chain system to ensure ready availability of Coca Cola products to its consumers. It has marketed itself at the right place and at the right time to ensure its presence among its valued customers. It has catered to the regional values and blended itself into the culture of its consumers such that it keeps the customer relationship bond intact. Analysis 4.1 Total Quality Management (TQM) As mentioned by Oakland, (1995), Total Quality Management is a mix of total quality and total management. It specifies quality, defines service and quality of service. Following are a few of the TQM principles adopted by both the selected companies. 4.1.1 Employee Training Employee training and personnel development is an integral part of any organization. Be it the top management or the field staff, training is very important. (Pulat, 1994) Tescos vast operations and customer handling requires a subtly well trained staff. For this they conduct regular checks and performance measurements to identify key deficiencies in the system and try to uproot them through proper training. Similarly, introduction of new products or services in the brand portfolio requires development of employees. Coca Cola relies on training its valuable staff periodically. Be it the innovative technology improvement in production or new inventory management software, Coca Cola strives to provide their workforce with trainings ranging from basic level to the advanced. 4.1.2 Continuous Improvement Continuous improvement is a very basic concept of TQM and must be a part of every organization. Tesco practices commitment towards closed loop feedback for system correction. It focuses on the communication process and obtains feedback both from its employees and from the customers to accelerate the improvement process. Coca Cola, on the other hand, practices continuous improvement which means that the processes should be made so efficient that no defective article reaches the marketplace. Hence, straightening the processes such that they are aligned to the customer needs. 4.1.3 Teamwork In the current scenario of cut throat competition in the market, firms need to be equipped with multi-dimensional, flexible and competitive workforce to be effective. Coca Cola train its staff in order to create cross functional teams which, in return, give the company harmonized systems of control till the lowest level of hierarchy. Tesco creates opportunities for its workers to hone their teamwork abilities by assigning them a variety of projects. It, hence, synergizes its employees in pursuit of a common goal customer satisfaction. 4.2 Marketing strategies According to Etzel, (2008), marketing strategy is a process which involves utilization of limited resources to attain opportunities and eventually, customer satisfaction. Following are some growth strategies designed to identify and focus on the customer. 4.2.1 Cost Support System Cost support system signifies that the organization is leading the business due to its low cost of production. Tesco being a market leader in retail store business has managed to cut its costs in many ways. It has implanted automated tills where customers are enjoying self-service. Through this it has managed to cut some of its human resource employment cost. Additionally, the implementation of adequate inventory control system has slashed Tescos over or under filling problems which has, in return, saved marginal expenses. Coca Cola has adopted new ways of bottling and through proper research, managed to reduce any wastage cost. Besides, they have their own filtration and recycling plants which have condensed water usage by 21% (Coca Cola, 2010). 4.2.2 Market Subdivision Market subdivision is done in order to identify the individuals who share one or more characteristic that distinguishes them with respect to demand of similar products based on qualities and prices etc. Coca Cola has segmented its product to the young generation which is energetic and dynamic. It has positioned itself in the same way as it target market is. It is available everywhere in the form of bottles and vending machines placed in offices, canteens, bars etc. On the other hand, Tesco targets the shopping community like housewives and adults. They have an access to self-earned money and make buying decisions themselves. 4.2.3 Product Distinction Product distinction is all about creating a differentiating factor that make the product stand out of crowd. Tesco has differentiated itself by price slashing phenomenon. It offers amazing discounts and gives away bundle offers. Moreover, availability of almost every item that a consumer wants is ensured which makes it a one shop stop for everybody. Coca Colas greatest differentiating factor is its bottle shape and its unique taste. The shape of the bottle communicates glamour and quality and the taste has a sense of refinement in it. Section B Operations Management Framework As described by Render, (2001), operations management is a process concerned with efficient and effective production of goods and services while meeting customer preferences. 5.1 Process Planning and Design Process designing involves understanding the two ends that is where to start and where to finish keeping in view the various requirements and limitations during the method performed. Process planning and design refers to the fact of transformation the process that can deliver factors like low cost, high quality, enhanced functionality and speed etc. to the production process of goods or services. Coca Cola has production in many countries and is responsible of producing highly standardized products in large volumes. Coca Cola has become a commodity and a necessity to the consumers. The production usually runs 24 hours a day and seven days a week. This all has been achieved through planning and designing the process of production. Tesco, on the other hand, follows a lesser mechanized channel of approach. It doesnt have to go through the tedious production process but it does package goods to be placed in the stores. Planning and design is an on-going process so Tesco has been continuously planning to spread its fixed cost over the volume. It offers a generalized flow shop operation (See Appendix) which allows the customers an ease of access to all the sections without crowding out and creating bottle necks. 5.2 Process Mapping Business process mapping comprises of the activities that define a road map about what the business actually does, the standard and where does the responsibility chain go to. Coca Cola has adopted this concept of creating value chain and establishing the links in the value chain that where the value needs to be added continuously. Meaningful flow charts, work flow diagrams and value stream maps have been designed in order to pre map any latent ambiguities or confusions regarding the processes. Its production process has been made more efficient and it has found and fixed the holdups in the process through this. Tesco Management uses process mapping to revise existing services and add more services into its operations. However, due to a different nature of business, it uses process mapping less frequently. 5.3 Layout Planning The goal of layout planning is to allow workers, equipment (and where applicable, customers) to operate at peak effectiveness, efficiency and involves determining the most feasible locations of the facilities in order to increase efficiency and minimize cost of operations. Layout planning is a very integral and commonly practiced phenomenon in both the organizations. Layout planning involve the best locations where a product can be displayed and where it would gain the most consumer attention. Tesco, being a retail store, exhibits various layouts for customers to get attracted. The products offered are well placed and ordered in symmetry. Special offers are positioned usually at the entrance of the mart and at the eye level of aisle. Tesco evaluates the brand presence by demand and positive traits to place it on the shelves as a convenience factor. Like new promotions are advertised within the store through print media and are placed within the reach of common customer. Coca Cola keenly places it products according to the store size. In small retail outlets, it focuses on brand visibility as well as product availability. Merchandise and coolers are placed in such a way that they are the first thing to be noticed by the customer who enters the store. Whereas in large retail chains, a proper section is allotted for the Coca Cola merchandise. The aisle is decorated with Coca Cola print advertisements and best-selling and new products are placed at eye level of the consumer to create brand recognition. 5.4 Supply Chain Management As mentioned by Blanchard, (2007), supply chain management is an on-going process which aims to harmonize the movement, storage, usage and the whole value chain which include the process from purchasing to shelving. Tesco has adopted the principles of supply chain management and has reduced its costs by around 45%. As a result, it has been able to lower its inventory as well (Tesco, 2010). As it deals in consumer electronics and basic commodities with standard benefits like food, home supplies, standard clothing etc. its main function here is cost reduction aligned with customer satisfaction. With the fashion goods, timeline is focussed more due to rapidly changing trends. Tesco deals with both the domestic customers as well as to business customers i.e. B2C and B2B respectively. So, it has aligned itself well to cater to both the markets (Brock, 2010). By implementing supply chain management concept, Coca Cola has reduced its inventory costs and production functionality. This has also enabled the company to ensure a rapid delivery of their products to the outlets and eventually the consumers. One more aspect that urges Coca Cola to constantly improve its supply chain system is its belonging to the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. 5.5 Schedule Management Schedule management is all about ensuring that the right tasks are conducted at the right time and on the right items. Following are some of the factors that the companies keep in their minds while managing operations. 5.5.1 Demand Forecast Coca Cola schedules itself by performing a demand forecast to support the whole operations management process. It plans its capacity beforehand to ensure a steady flow for the future sales. For example, Coca Cola foresees its sales to go up in summers or social events so it schedules the production of products in such a way that it caters to the increased demand of the consumers. Similarly, Tesco follows the demand forecasting techniques to stay profitable and be able to respond to demand during the times of social events and festivals. For example, customers would want costumes and pumpkins during Halloween and Christmas trees during Christmas. 5.5.2 Master Scheduling Key players in master scheduling are sales and operations. Coca Cola has disaggregated its workflow into different major chunks. Through this a synergy is created which has a greater and better effect on the overall production process. This means that production process is divided into various segments and a sum of all would result into a whole. Coca-Cola alters the master schedule and as a result, inventories, lead times and capacity requirements are altered in favour. Tesco, on the other hand, manages the inventories and supply lines in accordance to the commodity requirement. For example, perishable goods like frozen food are kept till the mentioned expiry period. To make sure nothing goes wasted, appropriate quantities are taken and under storage capacity. 5.6 Lean Management Lean management, according to Plenert, (2007), refers to the process of elimination of costs as well as wastes during production process. Coca Cola is one of the leaders in waste management system. It has laid a three factor phenomenon i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle the packaging. It has introduced a new bottle design which is 20% lighter and it has slashed carbon emissions by 2,200 tonnes (Coca-Cola, 2010). The company has established recycle zones at certain places to encourage recycling of waste. The glass bottles currently contain about 37% recycled glass, while half of the aluminium used in the cans is recycled. Using the metal in this way saves 95 per cent of the energy needed to manufacture it from its raw form. Hence, new ways have helped slicing costs attached. Tesco practices employee empowerment. It has a team of multi-cultural individuals working under one roof. They have been delegated certain authorities that help benefit both themselves and the customers. Theyve been able to specify value in terms of competitive pricing. Moreover, it has cut costs by training the staff thus reducing the mishandling and waste of perishable goods and delicate items. It pursues perfection by creating customer pull value through value stream. 5.7 Inventory Management System An intelligent inventory management system is what almost every organization needs today. Tesco was one of the first ones to adopt the RFID system in practice. What purpose does it serve is that conventional bar codes are replaced with computer chips or smart tags. And this makes use of wireless technology to track inventory. It goes through two stages i.e. firstly; the suppliers tag the inventory and send it to the respective outlets. To make sure it reaches at the right outlet, they are monitored wirelessly. Secondly, the already reached inventory is unpacked and further allotted with a different RFID and sent to shelves. One of the key benefits it offers is that it prevents from shoplifting. However, Coca Cola practices a bit simpler inventory management system. It gathers the required raw materials like concentrate etc. from various defines sources according to the requirements and stores them for operations. Particular raw material is selected and sent to the work in process. Thus facilitating the entire production process. Critical Analysis on Differences between Organizations Although both the companies have customer focused in their minds, the main difference between both Tesco and Coca Cola is their nature of production. Coca Cola serves in the manufacturing sector and produced high quality goods for consumption whereas, Tesco functions in the service sector and is involved in the production of services. It also acts as a middle man for various deals. Coca cola is a soft drink beverages retail business that serves both the markets i.e. business to consumer and business to business customers. It offers its services to small scale as well as large scale retail outlets in the form of packaged beverage. And for the business community, it has contracts with various businesses like McDonalds and Burger king etc. and provides them with vending machines. It has paced itself well in the industry and always meets the consumer needs. The operation implications of Coca Cola involve a high tech beverage factory that produces high quality beverages and works 24 hours a day and seven days a week. A steady supply of raw materials is managed at a pace harmonious to the production process. A proper storage and inventory control system is also maintained in order to aid the supply chain aspects and then the supply of beverages to the end user is ensured at any cost. Tesco, on the other hand, is in a supermarket business. It focuses more on its outlets and the services it provide to the customers. Moreover, a key fact not to be neglected is its online store named as Tesco Direct. As the name suggests, the delivery is made direct to the defined place. All the bargains that Tesco offers are available online on Tesco Direct. This facilitates the consumer even before visiting the store hence adding value. Apart from dealing in the consumer goods, Tesco is also a key player in various other fields. It operates in Garden centers, for financial services it runs its own bank namely Tesco bank. In addition to that, it has its own brand of electronics products known as Technika. Other services offered include its presence in the telecom and energy sector as well. Section C Evaluation of Mix Today, conducting operations in an environment in which if one doesnt evolve from primitive ways, it will go obsolete. Constant innovation in operations framework and selecting a customer focused approach is very important. The operations at Coca Cola Corporation are in collaboration with their long and short term goals. Through their staunch strategies and their rigorous implementation, Coca Cola has been able to improve itself in terms of financial growth as well as the market share. A better logistics system has helped it reach out to his customers at a rapid pace. And with the implementation of a better and more advanced production plant, it has benefited its own growth by increasing the production capacity and access to multiple productions at a time. The quality standards are maintained according to the world accredited criterions like ISO and environment friendly standards. They have shifted to using CFC free machinery in their chillers and coolers which are much healthier. With adoption of supply chain management system, the company has enabled a systematic approach to operations. The management of supply chain and operations has helped the company to provide the customers with the required satisfaction level they wanted. Coca Cola is one of the leaders in waste management system. It has laid a three factor phenomenon i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle the packaging. It has introduced a new bottle design which is 20% lighter and it has slashed carbon emissions by 2,200 tonnes (Coca-Cola, 2010). Tesco also has a smart inventory control and management system. From collection of goods till their sale, everything is scrutinized and put under check to ensure free flow through proper channel. This has facilitated them to manage and forecast the demand of goods that are demanded more and the ones that are demanded lesser often. Coca Cola provides an excellent customer services programme by introducing new drinks according to the taste of the customers and by doing this they are very successful in maintaining the existing customers loyalty and catching new customers. Coke also introduces a coke reward programme. My Coke Rewards is customer loyalty marketing campaign for the Coca-Cola soft drink. Customers enter codes found on specially marked packages of Coca-Cola products on a website. Codes can also be entered on the go by texting them from a cell phone. These codes are converted into virtual points which can in turn be redeemed by members for various prizes. On the other hand Tescos Club card loyalty scheme is designed not only to reward members based on their spend, but also to enable Tesco to better understand and meet the needs and preferences of its customers by recording and analysing their buying behaviour. In each Club card mailing, Tesco uses the information gained from its loyalty scheme to provide customers with offers that are as appropriate to them as possible. In fact, as a member, when you receive your Club card vouchers, youll also receive one of over 80,000 different combinations of other special offers and vouchers, allocated to you based on your previous purchases and shopping habits. So instead of having to throw half of the extra vouchers away, you should be able to save money by using them all! Tesco was one of the first ones to adopt the RFID system in practice. What purpose does it serve is that conventional bar codes are replaced with computer chips or smart tags. And this makes use of wireless technology to track inventory. However, Coca Cola practices a bit simpler inventory management system. It gathers the required raw materials like concentrate etc. from various defines sources according to the requirements and stores them for operations. Particular raw material is selected and sent to the work in process. By implementing supply chain management concept, Coca Cola has reduced its inventory costs and production functionality. This has also enabled the company to ensure a rapid delivery of their products to the outlets and eventually the consumers. One more aspect that urges Coca Cola to constantly improve its supply chain system is its belonging to the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. The lean procedures have devised employee empowerment and led both Tesco and Coca Cola to reduce as well as manage its wastes and eventually the costs attached to it. Coca Cola has deployed large waste bins in the cities to encourage recycling and practices reusing and recycling waste too. Tesco is also very focused to employee empowerment and gives away incentives to the ones who show performance. Additionally, value is not something that is just attached to price, quality or service but it is related to the experience as well. Layout planning plays a keen part in fulfilling this need of the customer. This satisfaction is achieved when the perceived value goes proportional to the quality provided. Hence, the value is added at every step of production of goods or services. Process automation in the manufacturing of Coca Cola products and in-store mechanization of Tesco has reduced the costs a great deal and has added worth to the companies. The strategies and techniques for production of goods and services are constantly adding value to the means of production as well as to the customer norms which is creating a bond between organizations and the customers. By tracking performance on a regular basis, both the companies can identify areas that are performing well, as well as those that need to be improved and worldwide aims not just to retain customers. They a bigger share of each customers wallet the amount of money the customer has to spend on their products.