The Life Of Madame Curie Essays - Nobel Laureates In Physics

The Life Of Madame Curie The Life of Madame Curie Madame Curie was born Maria Sklodowska on November 7,1867, in Warsaw Poland. Maria was the fifth and youngest child of Bronsilawa Boguska, a pianist, singer, and teacher, and Wladyslaw Sklodowski, a professor of mathematics and physics. Maria's accomplishments began at a young age; by the time she was sixteen she had completed secondary school and taken work as a teacher. In 1891 Maria went to Paris, while in Paris Marie attend Sorbonne University and began to follow lectures of many already well known physicists--Jean Perrin, Charles Maurain, and Aime' Cotton. It was during this time that Marie finally turned towards mathematics and physics. Within three years of attending Sorbonne Marie was already on her way to becoming the most well recognized women in science. Marie was the ideal example of hard work. Receiving her degree in physics from the Sorbonne in 1893, she was not only the first woman to receive such a degree but she graduated number one in her class. In 1894, she received her second degree in mathematics, graduating second in the class. That same year Marie met Pierre Curie, an aspiring French physicist. A year later Maria Sklodowska became Madame Curie. Marie and Pierre worked as a scientific team, in 1898 their achievements resulted in world importance, in particular the discovery of polonium (which Marie named in honor of Poland) and the discovery of Radium a few months later. The birth of her two daughters, Irene and Eve, in 1897 and 1904 did not interrupt Maria's work. In 1903, Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize for Physics. The award jointly awarded to Curie, her husband Pierre, and Henri Becquerel, was for the discovery of radioactivity. In December 1904 she was appointed chief assistant in the laboratory directed by Pierre Curie. Pierre's sudden death in April 1906 was a difficult blow to Maria, but a turning point in her career: she was devoted to completing the scientific work they had started. In 1911 her determination paid off, she won a second Nobel Prize (this time in chemistry) for her discovery and isolation of pure radium and radium components. Madam Curie was the first person to ever receive two Nobel Prizes. Marie Curie was not only a scientific pioneer, but also a social pioneer (Moore 3). A citation from The Graduate Student Cookbook described Marie Curie: Overachiever who cooked, cleaned, discovered radium, and raised a Nobel Prize-winning daughter, but who never forgot how to make a good pierogi. Her many accomplishments were not only astonishing for her time but have yet to be equaled in our time. Biographies

Divided Attention essays

Divided Attention essays Do all of our cognitive processes withdraw from the same cognitive bank? How is it that we are able to drive a car, chew gum, talk on the phone and listen to music all at once? Is it possible that our mental resources are somehow specialized in such a way so that different tasked are allocated different resources at different strengths? Our brain is unfathomable in it's ability distribute responsibility to different regions and the storage of it's memory will and can never be known. With technology many questions are being answered and with regards to divided attention. Brain imaging techniques such as the PET scan uses 2-deoxyglucose, which is injected into the patient's carotid artery. Because of its similarity to glucose (brain fuel) it is absorbed by active energy consuming neurons. Fortunately this form of glucose derivative does not become metabolized hence giving us the researcher the ability to tell where the activity is located with a precision of a few millimeters. The PET scan was at on time the only tool used to find the location of neurological processes but now they have fMRI, which is less time consuming and less messy. With these imaging tools, the use of the computerized tachistoscope and the educated inferences by highly educated individuals we are getting closer to understanding the brain and the complex web of processes present in divided attention. There are two theories that try to explain the phenomena of divided attention. The first states that all tasks are basically the same in regards to where they obtain their resources. The second calls for a more complex task-specific resource pool. General resource theory states no matter what the nature of the tasks are they all compete for the same limited pool of resources. With this theory in mind all we need to be concerned with is the resource demand, the combined cost of all the individual tasks at hand. If the combined demand for the tasks is greater than the...

Assignment of International Economics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Of International Economics - Assignment Example As argued by Auernheimer, (47) the markets are equipped with financial regulators who protect the investors against fraud as well as performing other functions. In the modern world, the markets are managed by an electronic system. Entities such as stock exchanges, investment banks and government departments manage the system. The systems are available across the globe, but more concentrated in London, New York and Hong Kong. International capital flow is facilitated by a global financial system that was established in the late 19th century. The formation of central banks and multilateral treaties was intended at ensuring transparency and efficiency international markets. The early 19th century was marked with a substantial development in the sectors of transportation and communication. Innovations in transportation sparked high rates of human migration while an improvement in communication facilitated efficient transfer of information. These innovations steered fast growth in international trade and investment. During the First World War, foreign exchange markets in London were heightened as United Kingdom went into war. The market became paralyzed and this impelled and the sterling pound lost its power against the French, franc currency. United States endorsed trading tariffs on its agricultural and manufacturing imports. The global trade nearly halted worsening the aftermaths of the world wide great depression. In 1930 marked the establishment of Bank for International Settlements to manage reparations from Germany imposed by the Treaty of Versailles and act as a bank for central banks across the world. Auernheimer (115) observed that most states in Europe, America and Asia departed from the classic gold standard following the end of World War 1. The great depression came to be and Germany was the first country to officially abandon the postwar gold standard and implement foreign exchange controls. After these host countries

The Hmong People Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Hmong People - Term Paper Example The researcher of this term paper describes the Secret Wars in Laos, that attracted the Royal Laotian government and the Pathelt Lao, who was keen in repulsing the presence of the Northern Vietnamese Army and had taken control of the Lao land. Whereas this war was regarded as secret, the American government deployed many of its troops and in the end, the war claimed many casualties. The Secret Wars in Laos had a number of significant effects. It is stated that the end of the war resulted in a large number of deaths as well as displacement of the Hmong people into other foreign lands, such as the US, because of their persecution. It is believed that more than 200, 000 Hmong communities were resettled in the United States as the fighting and persecution of non-communist continued to be perpetrated by the Communist regime in Lao. The researcher also discussed the subject of interactions between the Hmong and western medicine, that have led to several challenges and outcomes, such as con flicts between Hmong traditions and western medical practices. These conflicts were characterized by differing opinions on treatment options, such as the removal of organs or the use of anesthesia during surgical operations. To overcome this hurdle, healthcare institutions employed interpreters who understood the Hmong language and English as well. The interpreters often found themselves to take conflicting role, where they had to convince patients against tradition treatment options such as wearing of amulets.

Use of cell phones in a workplace Essay Example for Free

Use of cell phones in a workplace Essay The use of mobile phones has become pervasive not only for social interaction but also in the day to day transactions. Tyrone Garage is a business where they are four (4) mechanics that travel around the country to repair customer vehicles 24 hours a day and also travel overseas to buy different car parts. Among the types of repair that Tyrone and his employees perform are tyre change or repair, tyre rotation, brake jobs, oil change , belt change etc . The use of nokia phones allow the mechanics to ommunicate with the garage, so they aware of where they are and can provide them with new customer information. The phones also allow the mechanics to communicate with customers such as getting the customer directions to their location. Although the garage and mechanics will call each other on the same network, the calls to customers will be on different networks. Tyrone Garage has a monthly plan with Digicel which includes 1500 minutes a month to be split between all the mechanics phones and this is used for communication between both the arage and the customers. Tyrone Garage employees use the nokia cell phones to set reminders of appointments that customer would have made. The nokia phones allows you to instantly check appointments you can also install an instant messaging chat whatsapp so you can communicate with an employee, or with the person you intend to meet at any time to confirm, clarify, or alter meeting details (e. g. location, time). This means that if meeting needs to be changed at the last minute, all parties involved can be informed quickly, even if on their way there. Three security features of Nokia phones that are useful to employees of Tyrone Garage are: Remote locking using SMS messages or security code Remote locking allows the device lock to be activated remotely where they will be a timing set on it where it can lock on it own. The end user themselves can do this by sending an sms from another user or sms emulator as long as a remote locking code is predefined in the terminal. Remote locking code can be from 5 to 20 characters or digits. If the device is lost the person who finds the phone still cannot activate any nformation on the phone even if they change the sim card because when they insert the new sim card and turn on the phone that person has to enter a security code before the phone is actually boot up. This feature reduces the risk of the device being stolen and increases the possibility of having the phone returned if misplaced or lost since it has the company label at the back of the phone. Call Barring This feature allows the employer to restrict all international outgoing calls from employees phone

Youth Work And Anti Social Behaviour Criminology Essay

Youth Work And Anti Social Behaviour Criminology Essay The purpose of this research is to investigate and explore whether youth work helps in preventing Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) amongst young people. It is a worthwhile task to research this specific area as there is little published research on the contribution of youth work in preventing ASB. The research was conducted using young people and youth workers from the youth centre that I was doing my placement in Warwickshire. The data collected was a mixture of both quantitative and qualitative, however the focus of the data collection was on qualitative data. The main findings from the study revealed that the majority of young people and youth workers felt that attending the youth club helps to keep young people out of trouble. It was confirmed that youth clubs play an important role in informing young people about crime and justice issues, and that young people are likely to approach youth workers for help and advice. The services deemed important by young people were highlighted, and differences have been recognised between the services deemed most important to provide by young people and youth workers. Issues regarding the role of youth workers were raised, with differing opinions from both young people and youth workers. It has been illustrated that young people have a very positive attitude towards both youth work and youth workers, which is very important if youth workers are to build and maintain good relationships with young people. It is hoped that this research will provide a valuable insight into the possible role of youth work in preventing ASB to those who work in the field of youth work and crime prevention. Introduction The purpose of this study is to explore the potential role of youth work in preventing Anti-social behaviour(ASB). The topic of ASB and youth crime is one used in election campaigns by all political parties. Since New Labour came to power in 1997 there have been numerous citations of Tony Blairs slogan tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime, especially with regard to the phenomenon of youth crime. The purpose of this research therefore is to add to the debate on ASB prevention and to investigate a potential avenue that could help prevent it, that is, Youth Work. Relatively little published research has been conducted in the UK specifically on youth work and ASB or crime prevention, especially when compared to the US where Sherman et al (1997) has conducted interesting research. It is the purpose of this piece of research to reduce this gap in knowledge. It is hoped that this research will inform both those who work in the youth work arena and crime prevention strategists in general of the possibilities that youth work holds. 1.2 Aims and Objectives The title of the project is Investigate and Explore the role of Youth Work in preventing Anti-Social Behaviour. The broad aim was to explore whether youth work plays a role in preventing young people commit Anti-Social Behaviour (ASB) or in severe cases Crime. The objectives of the research were: To search, review and critically examine the available literature on youth work and youth crime prevention. To determine the role and nature of the youth clubs and youth workers in relation to crime prevention To demonstrate and compare the perceptions of youth work from those who attend youth clubs and those who act in the role of youth worker. To establish whether youth work can be an effective means in preventing youth crime 1.3 Definition of terms used There are debates about the precise meaning of the key terms used in this research, therefore these debates will be briefly outlined and the use of terminology justified. There are three main terms that are used within this report that must be defined. These are: anti-social behaviour, youth crime, youth work and young people. These terms each have their own meanings that are debated by academics, researchers, politicians and even the media. The biggest debates regarding terminology centre on the terms youth crime and young people therefore these will be discussed first. There are two initial problems that occur when attempting to define youth crime. Firstly the problem in defining exactly what crime is, and secondly the problem in defining exactly what youth is. Muncie states the common definition of crime usually takes the form similar to that of an act prohibited by criminal law (2004:39). Michael and Adler (1933) take this further stating that in other words, no act can be considered a crime, irrespective of how immoral or damaging it may be, unless it has been made such by legislation (cited by Muncie, 2004:39). On first examination, this definition may seem perfectly viable, however in respect of young people it is argued that such a legal uncontroversial definition is unable to capture the full extent of troublesome behaviour. It is for these reasons that criminologists have used terms such as delinquency and antisocial behaviour to refer to youth misconduct which is not deemed criminal by the law, but is otherwise troublesome. The use of such terms are used to label and criticise youth behaviour such as hanging around on the streets or being loud as anti-social when this would not necessarily be the case had an adult been behaving in the same manner. These terms therefore provide a way in which to discriminate against young peoples, often not excessively offensive, behaviour. With regard to anti-social behaviour, even a definition of what amounts to this has contrasting perspectives. For example, Rutter, Giller and Hagell define anti-social behaviour as criminal behaviour whereas the Home Office do not (1998:1). This could indicate that the location and context in which the term is used can be of significance. It is submitted that over time and in different societies our constructions of what constitutes criminality clearly change. Support for this can be found from Becker who argues that crime is a consequence of social interaction and that crime only occurs once it has been criminalized through public perception and social reaction. Sumner (1990) supports Beckers view and argues that crime and deviance are matters of moral and political judgement as they are ideological concepts that justify inequality (cited in Muncie, 2004:40). Defining youth is also a problematic task. If attempting to define youth by reference to age, there are no precise moments that mark when childhood ends and adulthood begins (Muncie, 2004:41). This important change has become known as the transition between childhood and adulthood. Spence argues that transition suggests a journey from one state to another, involving both personal and social aspects, and it is therefore dependent upon the idea that the two stages are distinct conditions and fundamentally different (2004: 48). One possible approach to pinpoint the occurrence of this transition is to use the age of criminal responsibility, which is currently 10 years old in England and Wales. Ultimately, the concept of youth is one that suggests similarity amongst people of similar age whilst acting as the basis for creating social rules and institutions that reinforce these apparent similarities (Spence, 2005, p.47). However, despite these definitional problems it is important to define youth in relation to crime. In England and Wales, a person who commits a criminal offence who is between the ages of 10 and 17 years will be treated as a juvenile offender, whereas an individual who commits a criminal offence and is between the ages of 18 and 21 years will be tried as a young offender (Davies, Croall and Tyrer (2004. p.57). Having taken these debates into consideration, the use of these terms throughout this report have been used to mean the following: the term youth crime refers to crime committed by those individuals under the age of 18 years, and the term crime indicates an act prohibited by criminal law (Muncie, 2004, p.39). The term young people has been used to mean those individuals over the age of 10 years and below the age of 18 years, as this also reflects the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales. With regard to youth work, it is difficult to give a text book explanation of exactly what youth work is and research has illustrated that youth workers themselves find it difficult to put their role into a sentence that gives justice to both the work of the youth worker and that of the young person (Ingram and Harris, 2005, p.11-12). The nearest one will find to a formal definition of what youth work entails can be found in the statement of values and principles from the National Youth Agency (NYA), which states that the nature and purpose of youth work is: to facilitate and support young peoples growth through dependence to interdependence, by encouraging their personal and social development and enabling them to have a voice, influence and place in their communities and society. (NYA, 2005:17). It is through this definition that the researcher uses the term youth work to mean working with young people to help them achieve a sense of personal fulfilment, as well as work that can help and advice young people in their daily life choices and activities. The term youth worker therefore is used to describe those who carry out this role. 1.4 Organisation of the report The report is divided into four chapters as follows: Chapter Two reviews the design and methodology adopted to conduct the research and provides justification for the design and methods used. Chapter Three presents the findings of the research and analyse these appropriately. Chapter Four is the final chapter and will discuss the main findings from the research. It will also draw on these findings and the literature review in order to argue that youth work has the potential to make a significant contribution to ASB prevention and recommendations for policy makers, practice and further research. The appendices contain copies of all relevant documents referred to throughout the research. CHAPTER 2 Design and Methodology Research Design and methods The overall design of this research incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher aimed to collect these forms of data using questionnaires and focus groups. One set of questionnaires was distributed to six youth workers who works at the youth club. Semi-structured questions formed the interview questions used in focus groups with young people. As the research was an investigation the use of questionnaires was deemed appropriate for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Throughout the literature review, it is clear that there is a number of research/theories and approaches that are based on facts within the topic of ASB. An example is that the Home Office have established that young people with a troubled home life are at higher risk of being involved in ASB and crime than those who have not. Using a quantitative design would be inadequate to offer alternative explanations and explain different personal circumstances, for example, why young people who have come from troubled family life get involved in ASB. My research question requires me to ask young people and youth workers whether youth work helps in preventing ASB. A qualitative design would therefore benefit me as it would allow me to ask young people directly through the use of semi-structured interviews. This would therefore include their individual understanding and experiences, rather than being given a choice of options to choose from. It has been stated that qualitative and quantitative research each reflects a different epistemological stance, which ultimately widens the gap between the two (Bryman, 1992). In terms of epistemological framework, quantitative research is strongly linked to the positivist method of studying society, therefore observing the world in an objective manner, whereas qualitative research entails a more subjective approach. These theories explain why quantitative data is often viewed as hard data and qualitative data as real and deep (OReilly, 1996:7). It is therefore submitted that it is not a disadvantage to combine quantitative and qualitative data, but that it is an advantage as the utilisation of the two methods allows for an in-depth investigation, which will allow a more complete account[s] of social reality (Bryman, 1992:126). Questionnaires According to Robson, (2002:230), questionnaires are seen as a predominantly quantitative research method. The questionnaires used in this research asked questions about young people and ASB from the workers point of view, and included both tick boxes and also opportunities to explain further. This offered the researcher qualitative data from the questionnaires. The questionnaire also contained personal data including age, gender, ethnicity, disability and sexuality. Participants were however not asked for their name or any details which would have enabled them to be identified. Below is a table adapted from Munn and Drever(1990) and Sarantakos(2005) which shows the benefits and drawbacks of questionnaires. Fig 1. Benefits Drawbacks Efficient use of time Greater assurance of anonymity for participants Standardised questions and format for data collection Production for quick results Less opportunity for researcher bias Easier for data analysis Allow for a greater coverage of participants Information tends to describe rather than explain Information can be superficial No room for probing, prompting or clarification No opportunity to provide motivation for the participant to take part Identity and conditions are not known Do not allow for additional information The main benefit of using questionnaires in this research was the ability to gain information in a relatively straight forward. This was also helpful for the data analysis stage as questions were all standardised and could easily be organised to produce results for analysis. Focus groups The other method used to collect data in this research was focus groups. Morgan(1998:1) states that, focus groups are group interviews. A moderator guides the interview while a small group discusses the topics that the interviewer raises. Morgan went on to talk about the growth of focus groups as a qualitative research method and how discussions that takes place generate a rich understanding of participants experiences and beliefs'(1998:11). The purpose of a focus group in this research was to offer a deep insight and gain a greater understanding of the opinions that exist towards the research question being explored. Sarantakos (2005) talks about how focus groups can be used as a tool to explain trends and variances through the views of respondents. Below is a table that shows the pros and cons of using focus groups and have been taken from Morgan(1997) and (1998), Bloor et al (2001), Sarantakos (2005). Fig 2 Benefits Drawbacks Ability to gain understanding o complex issues through group discussions Ability to understand uncertainties and ambiguity that can underlie group assessments Allow for easier comparisons of opinions and the similarities and differences that exist Recording data can be problematic Being in a group may hide peoples real opinions The process can be dominated by some members There can be difficulties keeping discussions on track Findings may not be represented The reason why these two methods were used in the research was to enhance the data collected and to enable the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of feelings and opinions that surround the subject. This use of multiple methods is becoming common in social researches which, as stated by Boer et al (2001:12), contribute to the parallel mushrooming commitment of academic researchers to triangulation. Triangulation is a process by which different methods are employed by researchers to ensure that the methods themselves do not distort data but instead produce similar findings. Implementation and changes to Design Due to selected young people not turning up for the focus group, the researcher had to randomly select young people who were present at the time who fitted the criteria. This meant having to postpone the time and some planned activities as the young people had to seek consent first to participate from parents/carers and bring to the researcher signed forms. This meant that the researcher had to do one focus group instead of two that had been planned in the research proposal. Although it would have been good to have two focus group so as to look for similarities and differences in young peoples views, having one group did not make much difference as the researcher felt the young people who participated were a fair representatives of young people who attend youth clubs. Having one focus group, in the researchers opinion was more than enough as the researcher had to consider time needed for analysis. 2.5 Sample Selection and Details of Participants In total there were 14 participants in the study: eight young people, and six youth workers. It was felt that although this was a relatively small sample, it would allow for a greater degree of qualitative data to be collected and analysed. The researcher felt that the sample of young people was, fairly representative of those attending the youth clubs. The sampling method used was convenience or accidental sampling which involves choosing the nearest and most convenience persons to act as respondents. Robson(2002:265). The main limitations to this type of sampling is that there is no way to tell if the findings are representatives of the population or not. Robson(2002:265). However, the researcher tried to make sure that many groups were represented in the study including every age group and gender. One key group that was not included was young people from ethnic minorities group. This was due to the fact that at the time no one who fitted the criteria was present and the area is dominantly white. The participants (both youth workers and young people) were all white British. The age range of the young people was between 13 and 16 years old, with 37.5% being female and 62.5% male. The youth worker participants were 66.7% female and 33.3% male. The table below(Fig 3) shows a detailed breakdown of all participants. Young people Age(years) Male Female Total 13 1 1 2 14 1 1 2 15 2 1 3 16 1 1 Fig 4 Youth Workers Age range Female Male Total 18-25 2 2 25-30 1 1 2 30+ 1 1 2 2.6 Young Peoples Focus Group The researcher arranged semi-structured questions in advance and sent them to the Youth Worker in charge for approval. A place and time was allocated where the group would not be disturbed. By planning in advance, the researcher was able to avoid interruptions and ensure people could not overhear the discussions. Facilitating a focus group allowed the researcher to be creative in the types of questions that she could ask. Interactive and visual exercises were included which enabled young people to keep focused, interested and engaged in the topic. 2.7 Youth workers questionnaire There were several questions that could be compared to the questions given to young people, in order to reach the objective of determining and comparing the perceptions of youth work from youth workers and young people. Due to the mixture of open and closed questions it was possible to extract both quantitative and qualitative data from the youth workers. However, because the sample size was relatively small the focus was to collect qualitative data that was rich in both information and experience. At the youth club the questionnaires were handed to the worker-in-charge who ensured that the researcher was handed the completed questionnaires back. All six questionnaires were completed and returned. Confidentiality was ensured and maintained throughout as the questionnaires were handed out with an envelope for use after completion of the questionnaire. 2.8 Ethical Issues It is vital when completing research that the importance of ethical issues is observed. (Walliman 2006:151). The ethical issues identified for this research can be found in the research proposal (Appedix). No further ethical issues were identified. Consent forms forms were all signed and retuned to the researcher. The researcher further emphasised on confidentiality issues within the group. Throughout the research, all the procedures identified to promote ethical practice were put into place. A place that was free from noise, interruptions or risks that others could overhear was used and this was important in maintaining confidentiality. 2.9 Data Analysis In presenting and discussing the research findings a mixture of summary and descriptive statistics were used. Generalizations from these statistics were kept to a minimum due to the research design and methods adopted. As the research sample was relatively small and manageable, the researcher felt confident to complete the statistical calculations herself. In addition, as the research sample was relatively small it was not thought appropriate to use any other statistical tests in the data analysis CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 3.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to present the findings of the research and provide a basic interpretation of these findings. Quantifiable data will be presented in a graphical format. Qualitative data will be illustrated by quotes and written observations. The findings of the study have been provided through the use of data analysis by using a grounded theory approach. A grounded theory is dedicated to generating theories. It emphasises the importance of empirical fieldwork and the need to link any explanations very closely to what happens in the real world.(Denscombe, 2007:89) The researcher analysed the data after recording all of the information provided from the focus group onto one sheet. This meant putting all of the participants answers to each question together, therefore analysis on possible themes and categories was made easier. An example is provided in Fig 5 below: Key P1=Participant 1 Q1 What do you understand by the term Anti-Social Behaviour? P1- ermm, I think its crime committed by youth like young people P2- ohm ermm I dont know (pause) young people messing around on the streets getting into trouble P3- aint it just teenagers doing nothing on the streets or corner shops P4- Like graffiti, hanging on the streets, smoking, drinking, things that young people do P5- Its like all these guys with hoodies hanging about getting into trouble by misbehaving, acting stupid P6- Petty crime like hanging about on the streets, making noise, vandalising property I used this process to look at specific parts of the interviews which were important in order to meet my research objectives. My data analysis was based on looking for similarities or differences in the answers given and categorising relevant themes. Denscombe (2007:98) states that, the first stage of analysis involves the coding and categorizing of the data. This means the researcher begins to assign bits of raw data to particular categories. Careful scrutiny of the data will allow the researcher to see that certain bits of the data have something in common. 3.2 Focus Group-Young people The objective of having a focus group with young people was ultimately to discover their views on both the youth club they attended, the youth workers that worked there, and whether having a youth club helped keep the young people out of trouble, therefore addressing the issue of reducing and preventing youth crime. In order to do this it was considered important to discover how often the young people actually attended the clubs. Youth club attendance and spare time activities Figure 6 below illustrates that nearly two thirds of the young people, (5, which is 62.5%) attended whenever the clubs were open. It is argued that this is an important finding for the foundation of the research as if young people were not attending the clubs then the potential of youth work to help reduce Anti-social behaviour and crime would be dramatically reduced from the outset. As the youth clubs are regularly attended by young people it was felt that because the youth club studied in this research were not open seven days a week, it was important to try and discover what young people were doing in their spare time when they were not at the club. As was discussed in Chapter Two, according to research, social skills are an important part of the transition into adulthood (Spence, 2005). However, the effect of socialisation and peer group pressure can have differing effects on individuals. It is clear to see from figure 7 below, socialising with friends is a large part of the young peoples lives. It is interesting to observe that only a small proportion (2), which is a quarter of young people thought that they got into trouble in their spare time. This figure could be a result of several different factors such as different opinions as to what is classed as getting into trouble, for example is it only trouble if you have broken the law or when you are being antisocial? Subjective factors such as these could have affected the answers given by the participants and this must be kept in mind when analysing the findings Keeping out of trouble The young people were asked to rate the extent of their agreement to the statement coming to the youth club keeps me out of trouble (question 3). It is submitted that the results (see figure 8 below) are encouraging on several levels. Firstly, no one disagreed with the statement therefore it is possible to argue that the youth clubs could help reduce youth crime, at least for the period in which the young people attended the club. Support for this argument can be found in the fact that 62.5% of young people rated their extent of agreement at 4 or above on the scale. To make a direct comparison, the youth workers were asked the same question (question 6). The results are also illustrated in figure 3 above. It must be remembered when interpreting these findings that the sample size of the two groups were different, as the young people sample (n=8) was larger than the youth worker sample (n=6). The findings from the youth workers indicate a strong extent of agreement that youth clubs do help keep young people out of trouble, illustrated by the fact nearly all responses (4: 66.7%) were marked 4 or above on the scale. # Comparative means to indicate the level of agreement to the statement that youth clubs keep young people out of trouble The role of a youth worker: Question 1-Youth Workers/ Question 10-Young people It was important to discover what the young people and the youth workers perceived to be the role of a youth worker in order to see if there were any major differences. If they were there, these would need to be resolved in order to provide the service that young people want and need. The young people in the stated that someone to offer help/advice as the main role of a youth worker. Help/advice/guidance is one perception of the role that is shared by both the young people and youth workers. There was a difference in that young people felt that to provide activities was an element of the role, as opposed to youth workers. This information was difficult to quantify the data into categories in that the answers given by the youth workers were very serious, whereas the young peoples answers were more focused towards fun and activities as opposed to being focused on serious matters such as guidance The NYA promotes that the main purpose of youth work is the personal and social development of young people and their social inclusion (NYA, 2006:6). . In comparison to Mertons study (2004), which found the role of a youth worker to be a social educator and mentor, it is possible to argue that these elements are also visible in the findings from this research as helping, advising and guiding young people can fit into both of the roles Merton found. Referring to the literature review, I had based my research on the risk factors identified by the home office that increase the chances of young people be involved in ASB. Within these risk factors, peer pressure was established as one of the risk factors associated with ASB. My results supported this as 7 out of 8 young people mentioned copying their friends, trying to fit in and peer pressure as a reason for engaging in ASB. Chapter Four Discussion, Conclusions and Implications 4.1 The most important findings The study found that there was a high level of agreement amongst young people and youth workers that going to the youth club keeps young people out of trouble. It is therefore argued that youth work is already contributing to ASB prevention, at least during the period in which the youth clubs are open. Regarding what the participants thought were the most important services to provide, Q4-YW and Q9-YP, the study found a difference of opinion not only between youth workers and young people, but also amongst youth workers themselves. Young people felt that a place to socialise, access to information and advice, and a safe place to be were the most important services, whereas overall youth workers felt enthusiastic workers and the building of relationships were paramount. If youth work were to hold a substantial ASB or crime prevention role, differences such as these would need to be straightened out in order to ensure the most important services are clearly defined in terms of what the young people want and need from the clubs. With regard to the informative function of youth work, it was found that youth work does indeed play an important role in informing young people about ASB, crime and justice issues. This provides the foundation on which to argue that youth work has an extremely important role in providing young people with information on important issues. The study found that young people were likely to approach a youth worker for support and advice. This is very encouraging in terms of youth work holding and maintaining a successful role in ASB prevention, as it would be paramount that young people feel both confident and comfortable in approaching youth workers for help. It was also illustrated that in general young people have a very positive attitude towards youth workers, which supports the argument that youth workers have the potential to cross the barriers with young people where others fail, especially in terms of promoting pro-social behaviour and social inclusion. This finding als

Dell Inventory Essay

The just-in-time (JIT) inventory method is a method of inventory management. â€Å"The goal of these concepts, contrary to popular belief, is not to reduce inventory, although that’s an appealing side benefit. Instead, JIT (like its imitators) is a continual process aimed at eliminating waste and solving problems throughout the supply chain† (Minahan, 1997, p. 45). Since its inception in 1984, Dell Corporation, Inc. has set itself apart from competitors through innovation and creativity. The company uses the JIT method of inventory management. Many businesses use Dell’s success as a business model. Dell’s sales concept focuses on meeting the needs of its customers and building computers to order, selling them directly to the customer. â€Å"This direct business model eliminates retailers that add unnecessary time and cost, or can diminish Dell’s understanding of customer expectations. The direct model allows the company to build every system to order and offer customers powerful, richly-configured systems at competitive prices† (Dell, 2007, 1). In executing this vision Dell has leveraged effectively its human capital to drive growth and brand loyalty. Dell has been very successful with this model; as a result, the company carries low overhead cost by keeping inventory numbers low. Prior to adopting the JIT method, Dell struggled with managing finances. After implementing JIT, the company saw a vast improvement in inventory turnover and a reduction in the number of days worth of inventory on hand. The company achieved improvement by only placing orders with suppliers when needed. Placing orders JIT eliminates carrying costs associated with managing inventory. Table one reflects the continued reduction, showing 5.7 days of inventory on hand in 2001 and 3.4 days of inventory on hand in 2004 (Morningstar, 2010). Annual inventory turnover increased from 64.3 in 2001 to 107.1 in 2004 (Morningstar, 2010).

Human Resource: General Electrics and Samsung Essay

1. The comparison between Samsung and GE in terms of staffing process The Recruitment and Selection Process is one of the basic HR Processes. Recruitment and Selection are very sensitive as many managers have a need to hire a new employee and these processes are always under a strict monitoring from their side. The Recruitment and Selection Process must be simple and robust enough to operate excellently in the moment of the insufficient number of candidates on the job market. Also, the process must be also able to process a large number of candidates within given time. The clearly defined Recruitment and Selection Process is a key to the success of any Human Resources Department. To assess companies and to make a comparison regarding HRM practices in different countries, we selected GE in the U.S and Samsung in Korea. The main reason is that there are several differences in terms of hiring and training process. When it comes to hiring new employees, the recruitment and selection add values to HR Processes. The recruitment is about the ability of the organization to source new employees, and to keep the organization operating and improving the quality of the human capital employed in the company. The quality of the recruitment process is the main driver for the satisfaction of managers with the services provided by Human Resources. The main goal of the recruitment and selection is about finding the best recruitment sources, hiring the best talents from the job market and keeping the organization competitive on the job market. The recruitment and selection processes are about managing and choosing the right candidates from the high volumes of job resumes. The described process that companies have their unique value and culture helps to set and achieve the right limits. The performance of the recruitment process has to be measured, analyzed, and new so that innovative recruitment solutions can be implemented. First of all, we found out that Samsung has a different value of selection in which mainly focuses on hiring new entry level of employees throughout their recruitment process. They basically provide standard test called SSAT to assess candidates’ ability based on creativity, sense of judgments, and flexibility of thinking. After that, they have individual interview process with selected candidates by SSAT. It is clear that they focus on hiring employees who have potentials that will fit into organization. They also encourage prospective employees to have the ability of global talent, specialization for the job that will be assigned and strong sense of challenge. On the other hand, we noticed that GE has different value of selection of candidates in terms of HRM. Most of all, GE’s selection period can be described as mainly focusing on skilled and experienced level of employees who have at least 5 year’s experiences related to the job position. Since Jeff Immelt took a place as CEO, they have built a solid concept of recruitment based on the ability of imagination, problem solving, building creativity and leading skills of employees. According to their strategy, it is clear that they require employees to have the highest quality of talent based on the level of experiences and education regarding job requirement. Although there are somewhat similarities between two companies to select the level of new employees based on pursuing the importance of genius and perfection, it is clear that they have the different values emphasized on employees that have a great deal of impact on building the organization. Those factors are mainly contributed to the different culture in different country that has built throughout the history of cultural tradition. Samsung mainly focuses on emphasizing the culture of unity based on collectivism, and when it comes to GE, the strong sense of initiative and passion play an important role in building organization culture disregarding the fact that which level of position employees are in based on individualism. From the different value of staffing in terms of HRM practice from two companies, it will be hard to select which one is more productive and attractive, but it is sure that the companies have their unique ego to make employees fit into the organization’s value and culture. 2. The comparison between Samsung and GE in terms of compensation. The second different practice between two companies is the value of compensation to which plays an important role in motivating employees and achieving companies’ goal. The most effective reward and compensation systems align with objectives, outcome-based evaluations of employee performance. Each employee’s performance measurement should reflect the organization’s business strategy and financial goals. Compensation should also reflect the employee’s performance level and his/her contributions to the organization’s success. Sometimes compensations from the wrong practices occurred by nepotism and stereotypes, prevent organizations from achieving strategic goals. Hence, organizations need to align their compensation and reward systems with performance and fair-based criteria to increase productivity and to achieve sustainable growth while motivating employees. Samsung’s compensation scheme is mainly based on compensation without discrimination and compensation for performance to ensure internal impartiality and external competitiveness. Those on the same position are given the same amount of base salary disregarding gender, nationality, religion, social status, or age. On top of it, differentiated compensation is only made by individual performance in terms of productivity. In other words, individual performance for productivity-based outcome is the only indicator to determine individuals’ rewards throughout the year. Therefore, we found out that Samsung’s core value for employee’s compensation highly focuses on individual performance and productivity when motivating employees. On the other hand, GE practices not only individual productivity-based compensation but also adds some more values based on the behavioral performance such as the sense of leadership and the planning for self-development. We noticed that GE’s compensation system has two main values: to motivate employees and to find the high level of potential employees throughout the compensation and reward planning. To achieve GE’s compensation system’s objectives, they evaluate the employees with variable perspectives of assessment. For example, EMS, 9 Matrix, 9 Block, Planning for self-development, Session C, are the programs they evaluate employees for successful compensation planning in the organization. It is clear that the compensation and benefits processes belong to the most important HR Processes. They are critical for organizations no matter which type of structure and value the companies have. We think that organizations need to point out that the need for the transparency in the compensation practices in the organization and keeping the internal fairness. We also believe that the compensation and benefits have to supervise the development of new compensation systems, keeping the general rules for the design of the compensation component. Summing up, throughout variable practices of HRM, we learned how organizations achieve their goals and build competitive advantages based on their unique value and culture. Although Samsung and GE have somewhat different strategies and systems to operate their organizations, we think we need to understand the core value of HRM process to evaluate the culture and environment in each organization.

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Essay Example

Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Essay Example Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Paper Jane Eyre, chapter 23 Paper Essay Topic: Jane Eyre Literature My favourite part in the book is chapter 23. In this chapter Mr Rochester proposes to Jane. I like it because it is probably the most descriptive and varying chapter in the book. A lot happens and the beginning is not explained, and the language that is used is most captivating. A lot of the loose ends in the previous chapters are tied up and things start to be explained. At this point in the book summer is at its fullest. Most of the story so far has been written in the winter but because the day is so beautiful it starts to set the scene as a pleasant one. It makes you feel happy and starts to set the atmosphere of the chapter to one with good endings and ideas. At the beginning Jane tries to avoid Rochester. She tries to avoid being watched by Mr Rochester. This builds up suspense and tension because you are not sure why she is hiding from Mr Rochester and makes you wonder what will happen if they do encounter each other. There are lots of reasons she could be hiding from Mr Rochester. It is obvious that she wants to be on her own to think and enjoy the garden. And this antique garden as attractive. She sees the garden as a place to react and a space in which to finally enjoy Thornfeild Hall. She describes the garden as Eden-like. In fact all through this chapter the idea of Eden is portrayed through out the chapter. The sweet smells, the feelings of content, and the ideas that they are joined under the rib. She was trying to avoid confrontation with Rochester because she was confused about her feelings for him and worried that if she did see him she would break into tears because of the sheer desperation on the fact she cannot have him. In fact when they do talk she does start to sob convulsively. She knows that he wishes to be married but does not want to leave him so she tries to avoid him in a desperate effort for a longer stay at Thornfeild. She does not want to talk about Miss Ingram again. Jane is subconsciously jealous of her. Miss Ingram is very pretty were as Jane is plain and obscure thing. She also does not want to have one of the manly talks Rochester tried to make her have. Previously in the book Jane has realised that she loves him and if he talks about Miss Ingram she might get hurt or embarrassed again. Before they approach the shrubbery she smell his cigar smoke clogging up the sweet perfume of the flowers. Which is strange because the smell of flowers are overwhelming. The smell of a cigar is bitter and horrid. Which could mean that things are not completely wonderful. She quickly flees. When she finds him following her she enters the shrubbery to stay hidden she believes he will not follow. This made me wonder why she was so scared of being found. Mr Rochester is always aware of her presence. He follows her round the garden. This is a very romantic idea which can make you idolise the idea that where ever she is Rochester can sense her. As she tries to slip away he very calmly and softly tells her to come and look at this fellow. Which is a quick divert and grab of attention. What he is telling her to look at is a moth. Moths can symbolise change into beauty, maybe Brontà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is saying Jane will change in to something more beautiful. As he said those words he did not turn his head to look at her or give any indication that he had noticed her. She had made no noise and was surprised at his voice. Maybe he was also aware that she did not want to talk so he cornered her. This particular event captured my attention. When they start talking Mr Rochester starts it off by being mean and hurtful telling her that she has to leave since he is to be married to Miss Ingram. This makes the atmosphere very tense and makes you feel sorry for Jane because how ever plain she is you want her to get her shining prince. He tells her that she has to advertise for a new post somewhere else. He says she can stay in Ireland and gives her the most obviously made up name, Mrs OGall of Bitternutt Lodge the names suggest unpleasant things with Bitternutt and OGall. Mr Rochester then completely changes tact and says And your will shall be your destiny, I offer you my heart, my hand, and a share of all my possessions. He asks this about seven times. She at first disbelieves him she says that he loves Miss Ingram not her. She does not believe him because he had only a few seconds before had been excruciatingly mean to her. To believe him she has to see his face to see what it says. To see if he is in earnest when he asks the foreboding question. She believes that she knows him so well that she can tell he is lying by the way he looks. She asks that he turn to the moonlight. Later in the night a storm appears and splits the tree in which they where sitting under in two. I think this symbolises that something will come in between them. But when trees are thunder struck the base and roots are kept intact which I think means that even though they split up they will still love each other deep down. And stunted trees can grow again so they may get back together.

How can we account for the lack of box office success of Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind Essay Example

How can we account for the lack of box office success of Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind Essay Example How can we account for the lack of box office success of Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind Paper How can we account for the lack of box office success of Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind Paper Essay Topic: Film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind had excellent reviews both before the release of the film and after. The Internet Movie Database which is the most comprehensive information site on almost every film ranks it as the 32 best films ever released with a score of 8. 6 out of 10. Other good examples are a review in Time Out Film Guide magazine and a review by James Berardinellis Reel views. (May 2004). They are both big magazines with good credibility. If they give films good reviews then they are likely to be good films. Time out magazine says (Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind) works marvel after marvel in expressing the bewildering beauty and existential horror of being trapped inside ones own addled mind and Reel Views says Its willingness to flout conventions and eschew formulas is just one of many things to celebrate about this charmingly eccentric movie. But even with huge critical acclaim Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind made the modest amount of $34 million at the US box office and even less in England and around the rest of the world. Compare this to Spiderman 2 which was 247th in the list and had less critical acclaim, but made $373 million at the US box office. In this essay I will try to account for the difference between the critical acclaim and the commercial success. One way that we can account for this is that the film wasnt in a typical Hollywood style that audiences are used to. For example the narrative is happening in reverse for most of the film which is unusual as most Hollywood films have a linear narrative where events happen in a chronological order. There is also an open ending, which although not unused in Hollywood, it is quite uncommon. This allows the audience to engage with the film on an intellectual level. They are left guessing whether Joel and Clementine stay together as a happy couple or whether their new relationship repeats their last one. We could have guessed this film would have been slightly unusual from the institutions behind the film. The director Michael Gondry is well known for releasing films for independent film festivals such as the film Block party (which won several awards at these festivals, and great critical acclaim). He is working with the screenwriter Charlie Kaufman who also has a similar reputation except slightly more mainstream. Other films that he has released include Adaptation and Being John Malkovich. These films are typical of the independent feel of films that are breaking into mainstream Hollywood cinema. Adaptation is a film about Charlie Kaufman trying to write the screenplay for an adaptation of the book the Orchid thief. No other film has tried to include how the film was written in the actual film. Similarly Being John Malkovich has an unusual plot as it is about the characters finding a portal into the mind of the famous actor, John Malkovich. Also he works regularly with director Spike Jonze who is also well known for making independent films and unusual music videos. Also the film covers a variety of genres without completely fitting into one. It is part drama, romance, comedy and sci-fi. It is also unusual for a Hollywood film to have so many elements of different genres without fitting into one as this means you dont get a set audience. If the film was more sci-fi for example, then fans of Star Wars exc, would have watched the film. Its the same for if the film was more romance or more comedy. However, at many film festival the film won awards for science fiction, for example the Saturn award for best science fiction film at the Academy for science fiction, fantasy and horror films, USA. This suggests that it had enough elements for this not to alienate a science fiction audience too much. This also means that the film is aimed at a very niche audience. Only people who like independent films will enjoy the more complicated parts of the film. You need to concentrate to follow the narrative. If you just watch the film and dont think about it, like you can do with normal Hollywood films, then you wont fully understand. This would make the film less popular because most of the audience may not understand the film and so wouldnt recommend it. This means that people wont watch it due to word of mouth. This isnt always a negative thing though. Niche audiences also tend to be fanatical fans of particular films. For example Star Wars may have fewer fans than a more mainstream Hollywood film but the fans will be more obsessive and so more likely to see the film multiple numbers of times and spend large amounts of money of merchandise. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind didnt create this amount of hype though and so the merchandise sales and box office hits werent improved by fanatical fans. The film may also exclude a male section of the audience as Schatz genre theory says that there are two types of genre, integration and order. This is clearly an integration text. The conflict in the film is internal, i. e. through emotions and the main characters have female characteristics. This would exclude a macho male from the target audience who would want to watch texts from the Order genre, i. e. with male characteristics. This doesnt mean that the film wouldnt appeal to a male audience at all though. Although the film didnt make a huge amount at the box office it only had a small number of screens at each cinema. On its first week it had over 100 screens less then Spiderman 2 had on its first week of release. This doesnt account for the huge gap in the 2 films box office takings but it does mean that the figures cant be taken exactly at face value. This isnt unusual as Spiderman 2 was always going to be a huge blockbuster; it was a guaranteed success, whereas Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was more of a risk. Why would a cinema chose to screen a film where they didnt know whether people would go and watch it, when they could screen another one where they had a guaranteed audience. Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was a risk because it had an unproven director and production company in big Hollywood films. If they had got the success that Charlie Kaufman had already had then maybe they may have had more screens. Also although they had a proven cast, many of the cast were unproven in their particular roles, such as Jim Carrey in a straight serious role. The film was a low budget film by Hollywood standards in the first place though. Although it only made $34 million at the US box office, it only cost around $30 million to make, so it made $4 million profit even though it wasnt particularly successful. The only reason that they got A list actors/actresses to star in it is that they agreed to take pay cuts because they like the script and wanted to act in it. Although it was cheap to make, a lot of money was spend on publicising the film. As well as T. V adverts and film trailers there was a fake website set up. It was a website for Lacuna Inc, the company that was supposed to do the memory removal in the film. This helps to bring realism to the film, as if the company in the film really exists. It also shows the lengths that they have to go to, when advertising this film. It is very difficult to advertise because the can just try and sell it to a particular audience through its genre, as it doesnt have a specific genre. Because it was difficult to advertise they spent more money on it, but this difficulty could still be a reason for its poor box office success. The lead male in the film is Jim Carrey who is a popular comedy actor with his own successful brand of screen comedy. Although he has played straight roles, like the one in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, before they are few and far between in his career. A mainstream audience therefore would have viewed the film believing it to be a typical Jim Carrey comedy, such as Dumb and Dumber or The Mask. They are more gross out comedies and the laughs are mainly through silly pranks and puns and so a mainstream audience would have been disappointed to find that there arent many laughs, particularly from Carreys character Joel, and the few jokes that there are, are more sophisticated than Carreys usual brand of humour. This disappointment would not necessarily have occurred if there was an actor playing the part of Joel, who was more associated with serious acting roles. Recently Jim Carrey has tried to change his persona, with more serious acting role such as in the Trueman Show but the mainstream audience havent recognised this yet. A niche audience on the other hand would be more open minded and expecting something different then a normal Jim Carrey comedy. The problem is that by it definition a niche audience is only a small group of people and so its the mainstream audience that needs to be convinced. However this seems to suggest the way that Carrey moves his career forward as he changes between his typical extreme comedies and more serious roles. His next film The Number 23 is another film that has been influenced by the independent film scene. Its about a man (Carrey) becomes obsessed with a book that appears to be based on his life but ends with a murder that has yet to happen in real life. This is new for Carrey and the audience havent fully recognised this change yet. He is one of a number of actors at the moment who are aiming to move away from their gross out comedy routes. Another example of this is Will Ferrell whose new film Stranger than Fiction again has an unusual script, very similar to independent film making. Also other Elijah Wood had a big supporting role in the film. Although he was a popular actor at the time, it was mainly for one role, the role of Frodo in Lord of the Rings. This was such a huge success that an audience may have found it difficult to see him outside this role, even though the two characters couldnt be much more different. This would have taken away from the realism of the film. Another reason that Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind had little box office success may have been due to the competition that was released at the same time. Big blockbuster sequels like Spiderman 2, Shrek 2 and Kill Bill Vol2, which were all box office successes were all released in the same year (2004) as well as similar niche films like I Heart Huckabees. There has been competition between production companies like Focus Films (who produced Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind) and Scott Rudin Productions (who produced I Heart Huckabees) as they aim to make films for the niche audience who look for originality from films that were once known as art films in mainstream cinema. Where-as Scott Rudin Productions has had success with other huge films such as School of Rock, Zoolander and Team America: World Police, Focus films have very little success pre Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. In fact it was only the 6th project they had taken on as a production company. They were also the distributors for the film and have had a lot more success as distributors. This new competition from Focus Films may have lead companies like Scott Rudin Productions to produce niche films to keep their share of the market. This competition could be an important reason why Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind had less success then they may have expected. Also the big blockbuster would have taken away from both the audience and the number of screens that Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind would have got. Unlike other aspects of the media, a film audience doesnt watch just one genre. Although the big blockbusters, such as Spiderman 2 and Shrek 2, were very different films from Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless mind, they still take away from its audience. Also the fact that these films were sequels means that an audience would go and watch the films even if they werent very good as they would watch it on the back of the first film. Also the films released at the time werent poor sequels. They all had critical acclaim. Again this would have taken away from Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Minds audience. The film was also released in time for the Oscars. When the release of the film was delayed they decided to delay the release for a full year so that it could be released in time for the next Oscars. This is proof that the film wasnt released to be a box office success but to be a success at awards. The film therefore would have been more suited to the Oscar crowd rather than a cinema audience. You can tell in the film that it was released to win awards. The film is character driven and so will be more likely to win awards for best actor and actress. Also there is a very successful supporting cast who again would be likely to win awards. Most likely though are the director and screenwriter who usually make art films, aiming to win awards at film festivals. This could be a reason why the film was made, for the prestige. A Hollywood studio may expect for the film such as Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind, to not make as much money as a big blockbuster but still agreed to make it. The film was produced by Focus films who are known for making meaningful films rather than films just to make money. This means that they would be able to concentrate on the films quality rather than just what most people would want to see. Companies like Focus films can afford to make films like this on the back of Big Blockbuster films. Focus films had been the distributor for Lost in Translation in the previous year and would have made a lot of money from this. Therefore they may have felt able to make a more high risk film as they already had the money from a previous success. Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind was a risk due to the people involved. Even the well known cast were often in roles that were alien to them such as Jim Carrey in a serious role. Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind wasnt made to break records. It was made for critical success and it achieved this. That means that in that sense the film was a success even though it didnt make much at the box office. The reason that Hollywood may have agreed to make Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind is because didnt take it on for it to be a success and make money. They were counteracting accusations of profiteering. That Hollywood only made films to make individuals and the whole institution rich, and that they didnt mind exploiting people to make this money. By making high quality films like Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind they showed that they could make films where the emphasis was based on the quality of the film rather than the marketability of it. They still aimed to make money from it but it was never going to make as much as a big Blockbuster. Hollywood studios can also afford to make smaller films because of the money that they make from big blockbusters. If a studio is going to make 10 films a year then they wouldnt want to make 10 expensive blockbusters because of the risk that an audience could get bored of them and therefore wouldnt make as much money for the studio. Also the smaller films get prestige for the studio as well as being a good money maker if the film is successful. This is probably why Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind was made. There are many reasons why Eternal Sunshine for the Spotless Mind wasnt as big a success at the box office as the reviews suggested but many of these are due to the fact that the film wasnt conventional, compared to most Hollywood films. This may have been the reason for the lack of box office success but it was also the reason for the films commercial success. Does this mean that institutions cannot make high quality, original films and still make money from them?

The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation Essay

The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation - Essay Example In the article, there is a big difference in takeover regulation of companies in UK and US. The law of Delaware in the United States provides a peaceful condition in which the ruling board is given the mandate in the decision making of the type of tender to be issued. On the other side, United Kingdom uses a defensive tactic by targeting the ruling board. This tactic prohibits the management from interacting with other management in a peaceful manner. However, during the takeover regulation in the US, the court usually decides over tender and offers the rules concerning it. On the contrary, UK lawyers disappears when the hostile bidders launches their bids. By the use of this tactic, the UK were able to private their regime through the institutional inventors of which their counterparts could not. Though both the American and English system of corporate governance has different features, they share ownership. The hostile tactic of takeover gives priority to function as a disciplinary instrument undertaken by the management. Nevertheless, both possess different rules and regulations governing the takeover battle. Finally, the difference in approach between US and UK is relevant as it provides education leading to enhancement of the economy of the entire

Globalization Spread The Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization Spread The Happiness - Essay Example ame time it should be noted that globalization has caused more problems in America than in any other countries in the form of economic crisis or recession. At the same time heavily populated countries like India, China, Brazil, Russia, Mexico etc have developed a lot after the introduction of globalization. In fact China is the number one exploiter of globalization at present even though it was reluctant in introducing globalization principles in its territories at the beginning. Supporters of globalization are of the view that globalization benefits the world through the promotion of such ideals as human rights, democracy, and freedom and that it enhances the prosperity of the world through free trade, free investment and better technology.   This paper argues that globalization brings happiness in the world and its drawbacks are negligible considering its advantages. Even though there are many reasons for supporting globalization, this paper limits its focus only to the economic, political and cultural benefits of globalization. Holst (2007) has pointed out that â€Å"economic interpretations of globalization cantered around three forms of capital; financial, productive and commercial (Holst). Moreover, Dharam Ghai (1997) has pointed out that â€Å"free market and private enterprise were the principal mechanisms for promoting economic activities in the sphere of economic globalization† (Ghai, p.1). Cross cultural business have been increased a lot as a result of globalization. Imports and exports between different countries were also increased because of the liberalized rules implemented in many countries as part of globalization. Earlier, it was difficult for a company to establish a business unit in overseas countries. However, at present, many countries started to liberalize their rules for attracting foreign direct investment because of the late awareness that external capital is necessary to the economic development of a country. â€Å"This is an era of